Term
| Clausius-Clapeyron Equation***look up in lecture |
|
Definition
ln(p*) = -(heat of vaporization per mole)/(R*T) + B
where ln(p*) is y
(1/T) is x
-(heat of vap. per mole)/R is m
also: ln(P2)-ln(P1) = ((Hvap)/R)*((1/T1)-(1/T2))
|
|
|
Term
| Delta Heat of Sublimation |
|
Definition
| Delta Heat of Sublimation = Delta Heat of Fusion + Delta Heat of Vaporization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
log10(p*) = A - (B/(T+C))
were T is in degrees C and p* is in mmHg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DF = The number of independent intensive properties that must be specified to determine all other intensive properties for a system.
DF = 2 + C - pi - r
C = number of chemical species
pi = number of phases in a system at equilibrium
r = independent reactions of system components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does not depend on the size of the system: e.g. temperature, pressure, specific volume, density, or mole fraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when p(i) = y(i)*P < p*(i)(T) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference between the temperature and the dew point of the gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The temperature at which the vapor becomes saturated. |
|
|
Term
| Raoult's Law for a Single Condensable Species |
|
Definition
p(i) = y(i)*P = p*(i)(T)
partial pressure of the substance = the vapor pressure of the substance at that temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Relative Saturation/
Relative Humidity |
|
Definition
| (sr or hr) = (pi/p*i(T))*100% |
|
|
Term
Molal Saturation/
Molal Humidity |
|
Definition
| (sm or hm) = (pi/(P-pi)) = moles of vapor/ moles of vapor-free (dry) gas |
|
|
Term
Absolute Saturation/
Absolute Humidity |
|
Definition
(sa and ha) = (pi*Mi)/((P-pi)Mdry) =
mass of vapor/mass of dry gas |
|
|
Term
Percentage Saturation/
Percentage Humidity |
|
Definition
| (sp or hp) = (pi/(P-pi))/(p*i/(P-pi*)) * 100% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Applies to ideal solutions
-applies to real solutions if xi approaches 1
-also for solutions of substances with similar MWs and structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pa = ya*P = xa*Ha
where Ha is a constant
-valid for solutions were xa is close to 0, dilute solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yi = pi.P(dp) = (xi.p*i(T)/P(bp)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
xi = (yi.P)/(p*i(Tdp))
where i = A,B,C..excluding G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pdp = 1/[(ya/p*a(T)) + (yb/p*b(T))+...] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delta(Tb) = [(R*T(bo)^2)/Hv]*x |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
delta(Tb) = [(R*T(mo)^2)/Hm]*x
|
|
|
Term
Distribution Coefficient
(e.g. chloroform/water) |
|
Definition
K = (x)c phase/(x)w phase
x = mass fraction of solute |
|
|
Term
Equilibrium of 2 partially miscible solvents/
Liquid-Liquid Extraction |
|
Definition
| if two product streams are in equilibrium, their compositions must lie on the phase envelope and must be connected by a tie line |
|
|
Term
| Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm |
|
Definition
xi = a.K.pi/(1+ K.pi)
xi = grams adsorbate/grams adsorbent
pi= partial pressure of adsorbate
a,K are constants
adsorbate = component attracted to the solid surface of the adsorbent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
