Term
| XRay film composition (inside to outside) |
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Definition
cellulose acetate base
silver bromide gel
calcium tungstate |
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Term
| Chemical activity >> xray film change |
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Definition
| silver bromide >> silver halide |
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Term
| XRay film exposed to radiation >> ...(color) |
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Definition
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Term
| Body tissues, etc: "Very Radiolucent" |
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Definition
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Term
| Body tissues, etc: "Moderately Radiolucent" |
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Definition
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Term
| Body tissues, etc: "Intermediate" radiolucency |
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Definition
connective tissue
muscle
blood
cartilage
epithelium
cholesterol stones
uric acid stones |
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Term
| Body tissues, etc: "Moderately Radiopaque" |
|
Definition
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Term
| Body tissues, etc: "Very Radiopaque" |
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Definition
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Term
| Importance of Xray positioning |
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Definition
prevent superimposition
prevent magnification (focal-object and object-film distances) |
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Term
| Types of C-Spine films typically taken (3) |
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Definition
neutral (cross-table) lateral
AP
AP open mouth |
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Term
| Types of C-spine films taken in addition to 3 typical films (5) |
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Definition
L/R oblique
Lateral, in flexion
Lateral, in extension
Pillar View (Wier)
Swimmer's Lateral/Flying Angel |
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Term
| Reason for "Swimmer's Lateral" Xray positioning |
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Definition
| visualize C7 without imposition of shoulders |
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Term
| Normal soft tissue shadow: ant to C2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal soft tissue shadow: ant to C3-4 |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal soft tissue shadow: ant to C5-7 |
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Definition
| ≤20mm (1 vertebral body width) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Alignment/Anatomy
Bony integrity
Cartilage/Disc space
Soft tissue |
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Term
| Xray exam: Alignment/Anatomy (7) |
|
Definition
A/P vertebral body lines
Spinolaminar line
Jumped/locked facets
Rotation of SpPr
Loss of superimposition of lateral columns
Loss of lordosis
Kyphotic angulation |
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Term
| Xray exam: Bony integrity (2) |
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Definition
Cortices & medullary portions of bones
"Fat" C2 (C2 should be same size as C3 body) |
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Term
| Xray exam: Cartilage/Disc space (4) |
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Definition
Widened predental space
Abnormal IVD space
Widened/naked facets
Widened interspinous/inerlaminar distance |
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Term
| Xray exam: Soft tisue (5) |
|
Definition
widening of retropharyngeal space
widening of retrotracheal space
displacement of prevertebral fat stripe
soft tissue mass in craniocervical junction
tracheal/laryngeal deviation |
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Term
| "Structure of the spine has been maintained after trauma such that further controlled motion has a low probability of causing or aggravating existing cord or nerve damage" |
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Definition
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Term
| 3-column model of the spine: Instability |
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Definition
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Term
| 3-column model of spine: Columns |
|
Definition
Anterior: ant vertebral body, ALL, ant annulus
Middle: post vertebral body, PLL, post annulus
Posterior: vetebral arch, SS/IS ligts, capsule, ligt. flavum |
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Term
| Vertebral injuries: Most often caused by forces that cause... |
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Definition
| violent motion of head/trunk |
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Term
| Factors affecting vertebral injury (4) |
|
Definition
direction of forces
magnitude/rate/duration of forces
point of application of force
position of head/neck/trunk at injury |
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Term
| Damage to C spine has __% incidence of associated spinal cord damage |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __% of all SCI occur in C spine |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Reasons most cervical SCI survivors have lower C spine injury (2) |
|
Definition
Vertebral canal is large at craniovertebral jxn (cord only takes up 50% of space)
Complete C1-2 SCI >> diaphragm loss >> asphyxiate |
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|
Term
| Most common cause of neurological injury = |
|
Definition
| hyperflexion injury (e.g. head-on MVA) |
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Term
| Types of hyperflexion injury |
|
Definition
Wedge/compression fx
Flexion Teardrop fx
Sublux/Dislocation of facets
Clay Shoveler's fx |
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Term
| Wedge fx: stable v. unstable |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior cord syndrome (saggital fx >> post displacement of vertebral body fragments into cord) |
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Term
| Sublux/Dislocation of facets: stable v. unstable |
|
Definition
Bilat: highly unstable
Unilat: typically stable (unless significant ligt damage) |
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Term
| Unilat sublux/dislocation of facets: __% cord damage |
|
Definition
| 30% incidence of cord damage (primarily Brown-Sequard or nerve root) |
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Term
| Types of vertical compression injury (2) |
|
Definition
Burst fx
Jefferson fx of atlas |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bilat fx of ant/post arches
disruption of transverse ligt (>>incr ADI) |
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|
Term
| Types of extension injuries (3) |
|
Definition
Dislocation
Hangman's fx
"Sprain" of cervical spinal column |
|
|
Term
| Extension dislocation injury >> |
|
Definition
posterior cord syndrome,
with motor & deep sensory impairments
(cord impinged between superior vertebra [displaced backward] and adjacent vertebra's posterior arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| bilat fx of C2 pedicles, with dislocation of C2-3 |
|
|
Term
| "Sprain" of cervical spinal column = |
|
Definition
| cord damage occurring without bony/ligt damage in presence of OSTEOPHYTES and/or narrowed canal |
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Term
| Stable v. Unstable: anterior subluxation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: unilat facetal dislocation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: simple wedge fx |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: burst fx of lower C spine |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: post neural arch fx, atlas |
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Definition
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Term
| Stable v. Unstable: pillar fx |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: clay-shoveler's fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: bilat facetal dislocation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: flexion tear-drop fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: extension tear-drop fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: hangman's fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable v. Unstable: Jefferson fx |
|
Definition
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Term
| Stable v. Unstable: hyperextension fx dislocation |
|
Definition
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