Term
|
Definition
| basic unit structure a functions in organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. In 1830s, Matthias Schleiden studying plants and Theodor Schwann studying animals independently
declared these organisms were made of cells.
2. All organisms, both unicellular or multicellular, are made up of cells.
3. Cells are the smallest units of living matter and are the structural and functional units of all organisms.
4. Cells are capable of self-reproduction; Rudolf Virchow declared cells come only from preexisting
cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Cells range in size from a frog’s egg (one millimeter) down to one micrometer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells lack a nucleus and are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are members of the domain Eukarya, including kingdoms Fungi, Animalia, Plantae,
and Protista.
2. A membrane-bounded nucleus houses DNA.
3. The nucleus may have originated as an invagination of the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes plasma membrane cell wall and glycocalyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the same as eukaryotic cells: a phospholipid bilayer embedded w/ peripheral protiens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
internal pouches called that increase surface area for
enzymes and metabolism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell wall holds the shape of the cell ans is strengthened by peptidoglycan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a layer of polysaccharides on the outside of the cell wall; it is called a capsule if
organized and not easily washed off. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer organized and not easily washed off. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains a semifluid solution with enzymes that carry on the chemical reactions
that maintain the bacterium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a region that contains the genes in a single, circular DNA molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are small accessory rings of DNA aside from the nucleoid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are particles with two subunits that synthesize proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are stored granules of substances in the cytoplasm.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are bacteria that photosynthesize; they lack chloroplasts but have thylakoid
membranes with chlorophyll and other pigments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bounds chlorplast by a double membrane organized into flattened disc-like sacs formed from a third membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are short appendages that help them attach to an appropriate surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are tubes used by bacteria to pass DNA from cell to cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perform special functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the site of DNA and determines characteristics of the cell by coding for proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a threadlike material that coils into chromosomes just before cell division occurs;
contains DNA, protein, and some RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the semifluid medium of nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are rodlike structures formed during cell division; it is coiled or folded chromatin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a dark-staining spherical body inside the nucleus; it is the site where rRNA joins
proteins to form ribosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| e is a double membrane separating nucleoplasm from cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arge protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are several ribosomes synthesizing same protein; they may be
attached to ER or may float free. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a series of intracellular membranes that compartmentalize the cell |
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
is system of membrane channels continuous with outer membrane of
the nuclear envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is studded with ribosomes on the cytoplasm side; it is the site where proteins are
synthesized and enter the ER interior for processing and modification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is continuous with rough ER but lacks ribosomes; it is a site of various synthetic
processes, detoxification, and storage; smooth ER forms transport vesicles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport molecules in the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of saccules and vesicles, that package, process and distribute molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lysosomes are membrane-bounded vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus and contain
digestive enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is programmed cell death, a normal part of development (e.g., tadpole tail absorption,
degeneration of webbing between human fingers). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are membrane-bounded vesicles that contain specific enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in some protists are specialized and include water-regulating contractile vacuoles.
In plants, a large prominent vacuole is water-filled and gives support to cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
and mitochondria are membranous organelles that serve as sites of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration, respectively. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organelles of plants and algae that are bounded by a double membrane and contain internal membranes and of vesticles
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid within a cholorplasta that contains enzymes involved in synthesis of carbs, during synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stacks of chlorophyll containing thykanoids in a chloroplast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains two centrioles lying at right angles to each
other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serve as basal bodies for cilia and flagella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasmic strcture that is located at the base of many organize cilla or flagella |
|
|
Term
| Explain why cells must be small. |
|
Definition
2. Cells need a surface area of plasma membrane large enough to adequately exchange materials.
3. Surface-area-to-volume ratio requires that cells be small.
a. As cells get larger in volume, surface area relative to volume decreases.
b. Size limits how large the actively metabolizing cells can become.
c. Cells that need greater surface area use modifications such as folding, microvilli, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell. |
|
Definition
prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and
Archaea. |
|
|
Term
| Describe how ribosomes are notably different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
|
Definition
In eukaryotic cells, polyribosomes are several ribosomes synthesizing same protein; they may be
attached to ER or may float free.
ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are slightly smaller. |
|
|
Term
| endomembrane system ORGANELLES |
|
Definition
| Lysosomes,The Golgi Apparatus,Endoplasmic Reticulum ROUGHT, SHOOTH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chloroplasts and mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus |
|
Definition
ROUGH ER enter the ER interior for processing and modification., SMOOTH ER- CONTINIOUS BUT ALSO forms transport vesicles. , GOLGI APPRATUS-moves to the outer face after proteins are
repackaged. |
|
|
Term
| Distinguish between vesicles and vacuoles. |
|
Definition
| VESICLES TRANSPORT, VACUOLE STORE WATER ETC. |
|
|
Term
| Distinguish between vesicles and vacuoles. |
|
Definition
| VESICLES TRANSPORT, VACUOLE STORE WATER ETC. |
|
|
Term
| List the 6 components of the cytoskeleton and the overall function of the cytoskeleton. |
|
Definition
| Actin Filaments,Intermediate Filaments,Microtubules,Centrioles,CILLA FLAGELLA |
|
|
