Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cytidine
Deoxycytidine
Deoxythymidine
Uridine |
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Term
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Definition
Adenosine
Deoxyadenosine
Guanosine
Deoxyguanosine
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Term
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Definition
5'-CMP
5'-dCMP
5'-dTMP
5'-UMP |
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Term
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Definition
5'-AMP
5'-dAMP
5'-GMP
5'dGMP |
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Term
| ATP (Adensoine Triphosphate) |
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Definition
| Central to energy metabolism |
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Term
GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate)
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Definition
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Term
| Cytidine Triphosphate & Uridine Triphosphate |
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Definition
| Drives lipid and carbohydrate metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
Common DNA
Right-Handed
10 BP/Turn of Helix |
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Term
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Definition
Right-Handed
Not found in vivo
11 BP/Turn of helix |
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Term
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Definition
Left-Handed
Found in alternating purine-pyrimidine repeats
May be from flipping of B-DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Hypoxanthine
N-dimethyladenine
5-Methylcytosine
5,6-dihydrouracil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleic Acid Characteristics |
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Definition
Covalent Backbone
Alternating Phosphate and Sugars
5' Phosphate
3' -OH end
Bases linked by N-glycosidic bonds |
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Term
| Helix Structure Stabilized By... |
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Definition
H-Bonds
Van der Waals (Hydrophobic interactions) |
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Term
| A-T has how many H-bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| G-C has how many H-bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotic DNA (closed-circular dsDNA) found in... |
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Definition
Bacteria
bacteriophages
mitochondria
chloroplasts
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Term
| How are ends of circular DNA joined? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes that can modify DNA supercoiling |
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Term
| Describe the two classes of Topoisomerases |
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Definition
Class I = 1 break
Class II= 2 breaks |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial Topoisomerase
Class II
Tetramer
Corrects negative supercoiling |
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Term
Significance of Supercoiling
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Definition
1) Compacts DNA for easier storage
2) Key regulatory role in DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
DNA
Histones
Chromesomal Proteins |
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Term
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Definition
Proteins rich in basic AA's
Acidic DNA is attracted to basic histones |
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Term
Physical Structure of Prokaryotic DNA
(4 points) |
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Definition
Single Chromesome
1.4 mm in length
Cricular
4.7 million bp |
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Term
Physical Structure of Eukaryotic DNA
(4 points) |
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Definition
23 Chromesomes
Linear
1-2 meters
3 Billion BP |
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Term
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Definition
| Inverted repeats with 2 strand symmetry |
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Term
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Definition
Self-Complementary H-Bonding
Not as stable as normal DNA
Caused by inverted repeats |
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Term
| Quadruplex DNA is found in... |
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Definition
protozoa
telomers
oncogenes
guanine-rich areas of DNA |
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Term
| Function of Quadruplex DNA |
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Definition
Regulation/stabilization of telomers
Regulation of gene expression |
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Term
| Nucleosides/Nucleotides are constituents of what cofactors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) |
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Definition
| Inhibits DNA synthesis in cancer cells |
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Term
| Adenosine functions as... |
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Definition
a local hormone
a neuromodulator
a sleep regulator
blood vessel dilation, smooth muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and fat metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorbance increase in denatured DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Disturbance of SECONDARY structure
Primary nucleotide sequence remains in tact |
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Term
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Definition
Hairloop Turns
Right-handed double helixes
Internal bulges and loops |
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Term
| Why is RNA more suseptible to hydrolysis than DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 MAJOR forms of RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 Additional forms of RNA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
transfers amino acids to protein synthesis site
smallest of all RNA
anti-codon binds to mRNA codon
AA binds to 3' end |
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Term
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Definition
| forms ribosomes with proteins and synthesizes protein |
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Term
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Definition
| directs amino acid sequence of proteins |
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Term
| hnRNA (Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA |
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Definition
| before editing when mRNA becomes mature |
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Term
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Definition
Large in Size
MOST ABUNDANT |
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Term
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Definition
2 Subunits= 1 Lg, 1 Sm
60-65% RNA
35-40% Protein |
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Term
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Definition
| snRNA with proteins that aid in mRNA splicing |
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Term
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Definition
used to controll gene expression
eliminates undesireable genes |
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Term
| 5-methyl-uracil is the same as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes within a cell that catalyze hydrolysis of nucleic acid phosphodiester bonds |
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Term
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Definition
Catalyze hydrolysis of external phosphodiester bonds
3' & 5' Endonucleases |
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Term
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Definition
hydrolyze INTERNAL phosphodiester bonds
1) bond between 3'-OH and phosphate
2) bond between 5'-OH and phosphate |
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Term
| How to name restriction enzymes |
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Definition
(1) three letter abbreviation for the sourc
(2) a letter representing the source strain
(3) a roman numeral for the order of discovery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Energy Requirements for Transcription |
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Definition
All four ribonucleoside triphosphate (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP) are required
Mg2+ |
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