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test 2
interest groups
53
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
04/02/2014

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Term
Astroturf campaing
Definition
an artificial campaign orchestrated by an interest group to appear as though it is growing naturally from grassroots
Term
blankey primary
Definition
primary elcections nominate candidates for the generl election. in a blankey primary election, candidates from all parties are listed on the same ballot. vaters participate regardless of their party affiliation, and are able to select candidates of different parties for different offices.
Term
caucus
Definition
used by parties to nominate candidates, with party members informally meeting, deliberating and casting a vote for their preference
Term
caucus
Definition
used by parties to nominate candidates, with party members informally meeting, deliberating and casting a vote for their preference
Term
closed primary
Definition
primary nomination election in which vers registered iwth a political party are permitted to vote only for candidates of the party with whom they are registerd
Term
Contract lobbyist
Definition
professional lobbyist who temporarily works on behalf of a client
Term
direct initiative
Definition
measure proposed by a citizen or group. if the proposal qualifies with sufficient signatures, it is voted on by the public and becomes a law if approved
Term
disturbance theory
Definition
marcro level theory that assumes groups emerge in response to societal changes
Term
electioneering
Definition
supporting or opposing candidates or parties, including recruiting and endorsing candidates, fundraising, phone banking, canvassing and advertising
Term
free rider problem
Definition
when the benefit of some valuable good or serve can't be restricted to those who pay for it
Term
functional party model
Definition
theory that parties are pragmatic, self interested organizations, striving to maximize votes in order to win elections and control office
Term
indirect initiative
Definition
measure proposed by a citizen, if the proposal qualifies, it is directed to the legislature. the legislatue can vote to aprrovethe measure as written, or refer it to the voter for approval. legislature may also refer an alternate proposal along with the initiative.
Term
in house lobbyist
Definition
professional lobbyist who is a permanent employee of an interest group
Term
interest group
Definition
formally organized body of individuals, organizations, or public or private enterprises sharing common goals and joining in a collective attempt to influence the electoral and policy making process
Term
interest group system density
Definition
number of functioning groups relative to the size of a state's econonmy
Term
interest group system diversity
Definition
spread of groups in a state across social and economic realms
Term
issue advocacy
Definition
form of political speech focusing on issues of public concern that mentions issues and the positions taken on those issues by politicians, but doesn't expressly advocate the support or defeat of those polititions
Term
legislative referendum
Definition
legislation approved by the legislature, but referred to the voters for final aproval
Term
lobbying
Definition
communicating with elected officials in general, as well as the sstematic effort to shape public policy by pressuring governmental officials to make decisions in line with the groups goals
Term
mobilization of bias
Definition
the benefiting of private, organized interest in an interest group system
Term
nonpartisan blanket primary
Definition
all candidates, regardless of their pary, face off in the smae primary election with a candidate winning the election outright if they win more than 50 percent
Term
nonpartisan primary
Definition
an election to nominate candidates for the general election where candidates have no party labels, all voters can participate. local election, Nebraska
Term
office block ballot
Definition
groups together all candidates running for a single political office by the political office
Term
open primary
Definition
primary where any registered voter can participate. voters must decide which party's primary they will participate in, can choose only among that party's candidates
Term
partisan dealignment
Definition
weakening of the attachment that voters have to parties
Term
partisan primary
Definition
primary election to decide a party's nominee for the general election
Term
party boss
Definition
the head of an urban or state party machine who controls elections and the disbursement of patronage
Term
party fusion
Definition
permits two or more parties to nominate the same candidate for office
Term
party identification
Definition
PID, the strength of an individual's attachment to a political party
Term
party column ballot
Definition
groups together all candidates running for different political offices by their party affiliation
Term
pluralism
Definition
political theory that assumes conflict is at the heart of politics and that diversity of interest will lead to consensual out comes through discussion and debate
Term
PAC
Definition
legal entity that allows like minded individuals who belong to a corporations, labor union, or virtually any other organization to bundle their contributions and give them to candidates or parties
Term
popular referendum
Definition
legislation approved by the legislature that is put to a popular vote as a result of a successful petition for a referendum, allows voters to have the final decision on legislation written by elected officials.
Term
populist party
Definition
american political party, called for political reforms including DD, direct election of the US senate, and direct election of the president
Term
potential interest
Definition
and interest that is yet to be organized but has some latent acceptance in society
Term
primary election
Definition
an election to decide which candidate will be able to be listed on the general election ballot
Term
recall
Definition
vote to remove an elected official from office. recall proposals qualify is sufficient signatures are collected
Term
responsible party model
Definition
Burke, parties should be ideologically consistent, presenting voters with a clear platform and set of policies that are principled and distinctive. Elected officials are expected to be held responsible for implementing the party's program and policy
Term
selective benefit
Definition
provision by a group of some material, purposive, or solidarity incentive that can be enjoyed only by members of the group
Term
semiclosed primary
Definition
voting in a party's primary is permitted for voters who are registered with the party or independents.
Term
semiopen primary
Definition
registered voters may vote in any party's primary, but they must publicly declare for which party's primary they choose to vote
Term
soft money
Definition
campaign funds not regulated by federal election laws, originally intended to be used for party building and for state and local general electioneering activities
Term
statutory initiative
Definition
initiative measure that amends a regular law, or adds a new law to the statue books, if approved by votes, statutory initiative measures have the status of laws passed by the legislative process. Easier for elected officials to amend than constitutional initiateve
Term
tammany hall
Definition
machine that controlled NY politics during the late 1800s
Term
Top two primary
Definition
allows eligible voters, irrespective of their party affiliation, to vote in a primary for any candidate running on any party, with top candidates from each political party squaring off in the general elction
Term
wedge issues
Definition
controversial issues placed for a public vote via the initiative or referendum process by one political party with the goal of dividing candidates and supporters of a rival party or group
Term
progressive era of reforms
Definition
period of political chagne during the early 1900s
Term
constitutional initiatives
Definition
initiative measure that amends a state's constitution or adds new language to a constitution. constitutional measures can alter rules about a states political process.
Term
direct primary
Definition
election where voters select one candidate affiliate with a political party for each office
Term
top two blanket primaries
Definition
two candidates for an office, regardless of their party affiliations, who receive the most votes in the primary are to face off, Washington state
Term
BCRA
Definition
McCain Feingold act, banned federal political parties from using soft money for federal eceltion activity but also restricted some activities of state and local partis
Term
Three reasons peopl join groups
Definition
peer pressure, coercion or selective benefit
Term
earned media
Definition
generating newsworthy event or stories for the press to report on for free
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