Term
|
Definition
| an artificial campaign orchestrated by an interest group to appear as though it is growing naturally from grassroots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary elcections nominate candidates for the generl election. in a blankey primary election, candidates from all parties are listed on the same ballot. vaters participate regardless of their party affiliation, and are able to select candidates of different parties for different offices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used by parties to nominate candidates, with party members informally meeting, deliberating and casting a vote for their preference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used by parties to nominate candidates, with party members informally meeting, deliberating and casting a vote for their preference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary nomination election in which vers registered iwth a political party are permitted to vote only for candidates of the party with whom they are registerd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| professional lobbyist who temporarily works on behalf of a client |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure proposed by a citizen or group. if the proposal qualifies with sufficient signatures, it is voted on by the public and becomes a law if approved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marcro level theory that assumes groups emerge in response to societal changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supporting or opposing candidates or parties, including recruiting and endorsing candidates, fundraising, phone banking, canvassing and advertising |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the benefit of some valuable good or serve can't be restricted to those who pay for it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that parties are pragmatic, self interested organizations, striving to maximize votes in order to win elections and control office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure proposed by a citizen, if the proposal qualifies, it is directed to the legislature. the legislatue can vote to aprrovethe measure as written, or refer it to the voter for approval. legislature may also refer an alternate proposal along with the initiative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| professional lobbyist who is a permanent employee of an interest group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formally organized body of individuals, organizations, or public or private enterprises sharing common goals and joining in a collective attempt to influence the electoral and policy making process |
|
|
Term
| interest group system density |
|
Definition
| number of functioning groups relative to the size of a state's econonmy |
|
|
Term
| interest group system diversity |
|
Definition
| spread of groups in a state across social and economic realms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of political speech focusing on issues of public concern that mentions issues and the positions taken on those issues by politicians, but doesn't expressly advocate the support or defeat of those polititions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislation approved by the legislature, but referred to the voters for final aproval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicating with elected officials in general, as well as the sstematic effort to shape public policy by pressuring governmental officials to make decisions in line with the groups goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the benefiting of private, organized interest in an interest group system |
|
|
Term
| nonpartisan blanket primary |
|
Definition
| all candidates, regardless of their pary, face off in the smae primary election with a candidate winning the election outright if they win more than 50 percent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an election to nominate candidates for the general election where candidates have no party labels, all voters can participate. local election, Nebraska |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups together all candidates running for a single political office by the political office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary where any registered voter can participate. voters must decide which party's primary they will participate in, can choose only among that party's candidates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakening of the attachment that voters have to parties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary election to decide a party's nominee for the general election |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the head of an urban or state party machine who controls elections and the disbursement of patronage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permits two or more parties to nominate the same candidate for office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PID, the strength of an individual's attachment to a political party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups together all candidates running for different political offices by their party affiliation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| political theory that assumes conflict is at the heart of politics and that diversity of interest will lead to consensual out comes through discussion and debate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legal entity that allows like minded individuals who belong to a corporations, labor union, or virtually any other organization to bundle their contributions and give them to candidates or parties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislation approved by the legislature that is put to a popular vote as a result of a successful petition for a referendum, allows voters to have the final decision on legislation written by elected officials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| american political party, called for political reforms including DD, direct election of the US senate, and direct election of the president |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| and interest that is yet to be organized but has some latent acceptance in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an election to decide which candidate will be able to be listed on the general election ballot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vote to remove an elected official from office. recall proposals qualify is sufficient signatures are collected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burke, parties should be ideologically consistent, presenting voters with a clear platform and set of policies that are principled and distinctive. Elected officials are expected to be held responsible for implementing the party's program and policy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provision by a group of some material, purposive, or solidarity incentive that can be enjoyed only by members of the group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voting in a party's primary is permitted for voters who are registered with the party or independents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| registered voters may vote in any party's primary, but they must publicly declare for which party's primary they choose to vote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| campaign funds not regulated by federal election laws, originally intended to be used for party building and for state and local general electioneering activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initiative measure that amends a regular law, or adds a new law to the statue books, if approved by votes, statutory initiative measures have the status of laws passed by the legislative process. Easier for elected officials to amend than constitutional initiateve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| machine that controlled NY politics during the late 1800s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows eligible voters, irrespective of their party affiliation, to vote in a primary for any candidate running on any party, with top candidates from each political party squaring off in the general elction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controversial issues placed for a public vote via the initiative or referendum process by one political party with the goal of dividing candidates and supporters of a rival party or group |
|
|
Term
| progressive era of reforms |
|
Definition
| period of political chagne during the early 1900s |
|
|
Term
| constitutional initiatives |
|
Definition
| initiative measure that amends a state's constitution or adds new language to a constitution. constitutional measures can alter rules about a states political process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| election where voters select one candidate affiliate with a political party for each office |
|
|
Term
| top two blanket primaries |
|
Definition
| two candidates for an office, regardless of their party affiliations, who receive the most votes in the primary are to face off, Washington state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| McCain Feingold act, banned federal political parties from using soft money for federal eceltion activity but also restricted some activities of state and local partis |
|
|
Term
| Three reasons peopl join groups |
|
Definition
| peer pressure, coercion or selective benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generating newsworthy event or stories for the press to report on for free |
|
|
