Term
| 3 things that effect weathering |
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Definition
1. Typography
2. Climate
3. Rock Structure |
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Term
| Define (soil) ClORPT and who created it? |
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Definition
Hans Jennings
Cl- Climate
O- Organisms
R- Relief (elevation)
P- Parent Material
T- Time |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of loose and solid material above bedrock |
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Term
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Definition
| Unit of study(measurement) for soil |
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Term
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Definition
| A layer of soil parallel to topsoil |
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Term
| Field approachs that effect horizonation in the field |
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Definition
Color
Structure(below surface)
Texture(mix of sand and silt)
Mottles(fluctuating water tables)
Krotovina(animal burrows)
Boundaries |
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Term
| What are the Master horizons? (A,E,B,C,R,K) |
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Definition
Soil layers
A- top, soil of intense weathering
E- Leached Horizons
B- Zone of accumulation
C- Unaltered parent material
R- Hard bedrock
K- Cemented carbonite horizon |
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Term
| What and where are Pedalfers and Pedocals |
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Definition
Pedalfer- wet soil, east of mississippi
Pedocal- Dry soil, west of mississippi |
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Term
| What/is supported by Alfisols, Aridisols, Mollisols, and Vertisols |
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Definition
Alfisols- Forest soil, sandstone
Aridisols- Desert
Mollisols- Prarie(grass), limestone
Vertisols- floodplains |
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Term
| What percentage of rock outcroppings are sedimentary |
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Definition
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Term
| How are ancient structures identified |
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Definition
| primary structure, cross cutting, ocean current, energy deposition |
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Term
The 3 basic types of sedimentary rock
+ examples |
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Definition
1. Biogenic (organic)- coquina(shells), chalk
2. Chemical- limestone, dolomite
3. Detrial- sandstone, chalk |
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Term
| Sizes of sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
(big) Sand= 2mm-62um
Silt= 62um-4um
clay= <4um (smallest) |
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Term
| 5 basic types of cements how are they tested |
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Definition
1. Calcite- HCL drop
2. Silica- streak plate?
3. Limonite- yellow/brown streak
4. Hemotite- streak plate
5. Quartz- scratch glass |
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Term
| Angular vs Rounded sediments |
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Definition
Angular means short distance traveled
Rounded means long distance traveled |
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Term
| How are chemical rocks created? |
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Definition
come out of a solution
water precipitates->limestone
evaporitic->halite, gypsum |
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Term
| How are Biogenic rocks formed |
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Definition
through dead animals
shells and sponges
Ex: cocina |
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Term
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Definition
Peat- plant material(not coal yet)
Lignite- Low grade coal
Bituminous- Med. grade coal
Anthracite- High grade coal |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat, Pressure, and Chemical/fluids |
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Term
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Definition
Foliated- multiple mineral composition
Non-Foliated- singular composition |
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Term
| Major settings of metamorphism |
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Definition
Regional (large scale)
Plate techtonics(faults)
Impact craters
Heat/pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| elements deposited by solution when waters headed by magma chambers/ superheated |
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Term
| Low and high grade textural terms for foliated rocks |
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Definition
low- Slatey
high- migmatite |
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Term
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Definition
| used to estimate degree metamorphism |
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Term
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Definition
| Partially melted half igneous & metamorphic |
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Term
Parent materials for
Slate
Marble
Quartzite
Greenstone |
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Definition
Slate- Shale
Marble- Limestone
Quartzite- Sandstone
Greenstone- Basalt |
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Term
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Definition
| downslope movement of soil/rock under gravity |
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Term
| Define transpiration, evaporation, evapotranspiration |
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Definition
transpiration- water soaks to soil
evaporation- solid water to gaseous
evapotranspiration- evaporation from soil to atmosphere |
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Term
| 5 factors the effect infiltration |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolution of rills to rivers |
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Definition
small to large
runoff
rills
master rills
intermittent streams
streams
rivers |
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Term
| Define interfluves, drainage divides, and basins |
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Definition
Interfluves- divide tributaries that go into
Drainage divides- divide into
drainage basins |
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Term
| Factors that control stream velocity |
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Definition
shape and size
roughness
gradient(steepness)
discharge of channel |
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Term
| Ways streams transport sediments |
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Definition
Solution- dissolve in water
Suspended- float above water
Bedload- bottom of streams |
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Term
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Definition
1. normal stream
2. meandering stream
3. braided stream |
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Term
| define thalwag, pont bar, cutbank, and oxbow |
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Definition
thalwag- highest velocity
cutbank- sediment removed
pointbank- sediment deposited
oxbow- u shaped bend in the course of the river |
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Term
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Definition
Dendric (bloodstream, from mountains)
Radial (going away from the center)
Centripedal (goes toward center) |
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