Shared Flashcard Set

Details

TEST 2
pharmacology therapeutic communication, nutrition, oxygenation
86
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
03/15/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Capusule

Definition

 

 

 

 

Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelatinous container

Term

 

 

 

 

Elixir

Definition

 

 

 

 

Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavorings

Term

 

 

 

 

Liniment

Definition

 

 

 

 

Medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soap, which is rubbed on the skin

Term

 

 

 

 

Lotion

Definition

 

 

 

 

Drug particles in a solution for topical use

Term

 

 

 

 

Ointment

Definition

 

 

 

 

Semisolid preparation containing a drug to be applied externally; also called an unction

Term

 

 

 

 

Tablet

Definition

 

 

 

 

Small, solid dose of medication; compressed or molded; may be any size or shape, or enteric coated

Term

 

 

 

 

Pill

Definition

 

 

 

 

Mixture of a powdered drug with a cohesive material; may be ound or oval

Term

 

 

 

 

Powder

Definition

 

 

 

 

Single drug or mixture of finely ground drugs

Term

 

 

 

 

Solution

Definition

 

 

 

 

A drug dissolved in another substance

Term

 

 

 

 

Suppository

Definition

 

 

 

 

An easily melted medication preparation in a firm base, such as gelatin, that is inserted into the body

Term

 

 

 

 

Suspension

Definition

 

 

 

 

Finely divided, undissolved particles in a liquid medium; should be shaken before use

Term

 

 

 

 

syrup

Definition

 

 

 

 

Medication combined with water and sugar solution

Term

 

 

 

 

Enteric Coated

Definition

 

 

 

 

A tab or pill coated to prevent stomach irritation

Term

 

 

 

AC/PC

Definition

 

 

 

 

before/after meal

Term

 

 

 

 

QD/BID/TID/QID

Definition

 

 

 

 

1x/day

2x/day

3x/day

4x/day

Term

 

 

 

 

CR/XR/LA/XL

Definition

 

 

 

 

extended release/long-acting

Term

 

 

 

 

NGT

Definition

 

 

 

 

nasogastric tube

Term

 

 

 

 

PO/NPO

Definition

 

 

 

 

by mouth/NOTHING by mouth

Term

 

 

 

 

STAT

Definition

 

 

 

 

immediate

Term

 

 

 

 

PRN

Definition

 

 

 

 

as needed

Term

 

 

 

 

Legal Aspects of Administering Medications

Definition

Failure to ensure pt safety

Failure to follow policies and procedures

Failure to properly delegate and supervise

Failure to notify health care provider of problems

Failure to follow orders

Contributing to med errors

Failure to convey discharge orders

Failure to document properly

Failure to accurately assess and monitor pt's condition

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

5 Rights of Med Administration

Definition

 

 

Right Medication

   Patient

 Dose

  Route

Time

Term

 

 

 

 

Physiological Factors and Individual Variables

Affecting Drug Action

Definition

1) Developmental considerations

2) Weight

3) Gender

4) Genetic & Cultural Factors

5) Pathology

6) Environment

7) Timing of Med. Admin.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Pharmacokinetics

Definition

 

 

 

Effect of the body on the drug

 

Movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Drug Absorption

Definition

 

 

 

 

process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream, affected by ROUTE, LIPID solubility, pH, BlOOD FLOW, SITE of admin., DOSE

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Distribution

Definition

 

 

 

 

depends on blood flow to the tissues, drug's ability to leave the bloodstream, & drug's ability to enter the cells

Term

 

 

 

Drug Metabolism

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

aka BIOtransformation

the change of a drug from its original form to a new form

*LIVER* is the primary site for metabolism

Term

 

 

 

 

Drug Excretion

Definition

 

 

 

 

removing a drug, or its metabolites from the body

*KIDNEYS* excrete most drugs.

*LUNGS* excrete gaseous substances like inhaled anesthetics

Term

 

 

 

 

Pharmacodynamics

Definition

 

 

 

 

process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

i.e. drug receptor interaction altering cell function

i.e. drug enzyme interaction

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Factors in Assessing Pt's need for/response to

drug therapy

Definition

 

Previous/Current drug use

Medication Schedule

Response to Medications

Attitude toward drugs and use of drugs

Compliance with regimen

Storage

Term

 

 

 

Essential Components of a 

Drug Order

Definition

 

Patient Name

Date & Time Drug Ordered

Name of Drug

Dose of Drug

Route of Admin.

Frequency of Admin.

Signature of Orderer

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Benefits of Various Routes of Admin.

 

Definition

 

 

Oral-take longest to be absorbed

Injection-take less time than oral to be absorbed

IV-directly placed in bloodstream NOT absorbed

(take effect quickly)

Term

 

 

 

 

Safety Checks in Med Prep

Definition

 

 

Check label 3x...

 

...when you reach for the container/unit dose package

 

...after retrieval & compared with MAR, BEFORE pouring

 

....when replacing container OR BEFORE giving to PT

Term

 

 

 

 

Nursing Process in 

Med Admin

Definition

Assessment: health status, current/past illnesses, lab                                   results, KDA, meds

Diagnosis: i.e. constipation r/t use of narcotics

Outcomes/Goals: i.e. pt will pass bowel movement by 7:00pm, 03/15/2013

Interventions: medication administration i.e. suppository

Evaluations: was goal met? 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Oral Med

Definition

 

 

 

 

DO NOT crush enteric-coated or CR drugs

Mix with food or drink if compatible

Allow pt to suck on ice first

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

a Subcutaneous Injection

Definition

 

 

Admin. into adipose just below epidermis & dermis

i.e. insulin & heparin

Slow rate of absorption into capillaries

Sites: Outer upper arm, Abdomen, Anterior thigh,

Upper back, Upper Ventral/Dorsogluteal area

Needle: 25-30 Gauge, 3/8" or 5/8"

<1ml

45 to 90 degree angle

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

an Intramuscular Injection

Definition

 

i.e. antibiotics, hormones, vaccines

Sites: Vastus Lateralis, Deltoid, Ventrogluteal

Needles: 20 to 25 Gauge (aqueous solution),

18 to 25 Gauge (oil-based solution)VL 5/8" to 1", Del 5/8" to 1 1/4" (kids), 5/8" to

1 1/2" (adults), Vent 1 1/2"

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

a Topical Application

Definition

 

Applied to skin/mucous membranes, including eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, lungs

Clean hands. 

Rub in med.

Apply heat if indicated to increase absorption

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Eye Application

Definition

 

 

Exert pressure on bony prominence beneath conjunctival sac.

Tilt back pt's head

Exert pressure on lacrimal duct to prevent systemic absoprtion

DO NOT touch tip of med container on eye

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Ear Application

Definition

 

 

Clean external ear (Pinna)

Pull ear up and back in an adult

Pull ear straight back for a school-aged child

Pull ear down and back for infant/child under 3yrs.

 

Term

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Nose Drops

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Tilt head back

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Rectal Preparations

Definition

 

 

 

 

Assist pt to SIMS position. Drape.

Apply lubricant to the rounded end of suppository and index finger or dominant hand

Insert 3" to 4" 

Pt remains on side for 5 minutes

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Vaginal Preparations

Definition

 

 

 

Lubricate sup. with water or water-soluble gel

Use lithotomy position and drape

Clean vaginal orrifice with warm water

Admin gently in a rolling manner

Have pt remain in supine position for 5 to 10 min

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Buccal & Sublingual applications

Definition

 

 

 

 

Between cheek and gum

Under tongue

Term

 

 

 

 

Correct Procedure for Administering

Inhalations

Definition

 

 

 

 

i.e. bronchodilators

nebulizers, MDIs, DPIs

Give bronchodilators before corticosteroids

Term

 

 

 

 

Drug Allergies 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Immune System response

i.e. rash, urticaria, fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

*Anaphylactic Reaction* results in respiratory distress, sudden severe bronchospasm, cardiovascular collapse. Treat with vasopressors, bronchodilatros, corticosteriods, o2, IV fluids, antihistamines

Term

 

 

 

 

Drug Tolerance

Definition

 

 

 

 

Body becomes used to the effects of a drug

Term

 

 

 

 

Drug Toxic Effects

Definition

 

 

 

 

specific groups of symptoms r/t drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death

i.e. hepatotoxicity-damage to liver

 

Cummulative effect-body can't metabolize 1st dose before 2nd dose given>toxic levels

Term

 

 

 

 

Idiosyncratic effect

Definition

 

 

 

 

(paradoxical effect)

unusual response to drug

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Drug Interactions

Definition

 

 

 

 

One drug is affected by another or food or something

Antagonist effect-counteraction

Synergistic effect-compounded action

Term

 

 

 

 

Aspirin

Definition

 

AKA Bufferin, Ecotrin, St. Joseph, Halfprin

(magnesium salicylate)

ACTION: COX 1, COX 2 inhibitor

Reduces Pain, Inflammation, Fever

SIDE EFFECTS: bleeding, renal dysfunction, ulcers, Reye's Syndrome, nausea, GI upset, *SALICYLISM*
PT ED:  Take w/ food or milk, Avoid Alcohol, Report GI irritation, No NSAIDS<19 yrs. D/C 1wk b4 surgery
 

*nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, diaphoresis*

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

 

 

Narcan

(opioid antagonist)

Definition

 

(naloxone)

ACTIONS: blocks opioid receptors

SIDE EFFECTS: ^RR, PR, BP

PT ED: 

Term

 

 

 

 

Tylenol

Definition

 

(acetaminophen)

ACTIONS: COX inhibitor in CNS only, NOT anti-inflam or anti-coag. Analgesia, Antipyresis

SIDE EFFECTS: liver damage (overdose) HT in QD use in women, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating (overdose)

PT ED: 

Term

 

 

 

 

Percocet

Definition

 

 

(generic name is endocet) 

ACTION: Opioid Agonist for pain

SIDE EFFECTS: lower BP, low RR, nausea, dizziness, constipation, potential for abuse

PT ED: Avoid alcohol, Avoid driving, rise slowly, take only PRN, ^fiber&water, take w/ food/milk

Term

 

 

 

 

Morphine

Definition

 

ACTION: OPIOID AGONIST for severe pain

SIDE EFFCTS: lower BP, low RR, nausea, dizziness, constipation, potential for abuse

PT ED: Avoid alcohol, Avoid driving, rise slowly, take only PRN, ^fiber&water, take w/ food/milk

Term

 

 

 

 

Codiene

Definition

 

 

ACTION: OPIOID AGONIST for mild to moderate pain

SIDE EFFCTS: lower BP, low RR, nausea, dizziness, constipation, potential for abuse

PT ED: Avoid alcohol, Avoid driving, rise slowly, take only PRN, ^fiber&water, take w/ food/milk

Term

 

 

 

 

Celebrex

Definition

 

(celecoxib)

ACTION: COX2 inhibitor

SIDE EFFECTS: GI bleeding, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events

PT ED: report GI toxicity (abdominal pain, dark stools),wt gain, edema, chest pain 

Term

 

 

 

 

NSAIDS 

in general

 

Definition

 

 

Interfere w/ prostaglandin production

Inhibit COX1, COX2 enzymes

1. suppress inflamation 2. treat pain 3. reduce fever 4.dysmenorrhea5. anticoagulation

SIDE EFFECTS: GI upset, bleeding, renal dysfunction, thromboembolic events (non-aspirin)

PT ED: take w. food or milk, Avoid alcohol, Report GI irritation, prolonged bleeding, wt gain, edema

Term

 

 

 

Bronchodilators

Definition

 

 

Medication administered by inhalation.

Decrease resistance to airflow by enlarging air passageways.

Promote relaxation of musculature in the tacheobronchial tree

SIDE EFFECTS: Headache, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Palpitations, Tachycardia, HT, Nervousness 

Term

 

 

 

Principles of

 

Therapuetic Communication 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

Be Objective

 

Be Focused

 

Be Caring

 

Be Supportive 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Components of a Med Order

Definition

 

 

 

 

Patient Name

Date & Time Order Written

Drug

Dose

Route

Times of Administration

Signature of Orderer

Term

 

 

 

 

Needle Sizes & Syringes

Definition

 

 

Intradermal Injections- 1/4" to 1/2" 26 or 27 Gauge

 

Subcutaneous-3/8" to 1" 25 to 30 Gauge

 

Intramuscular-1 1/2" 22 Gauge

 

Insulin-5/16" & 1/2" 28 to 30 Gauge

Term

 

 

 

Principles of 

Med Administration

Definition

 

 

3x Safety Check:

When retrieved, Prior to Pouring, When Returning

 

7 Rights:

Right drug

Right route

Right dose

Right time

Right PT

Right documentation

Right to refuse

Term

 

 

 

 

Child Dose Calculations

Definition

 

 

 

 

mg/kg/day

or

mg/kg/dose

 

1kg=2.2lb

 

i.e. 50lb child= 22.73kg

Term

 

 

 

Factors of

Communication 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Gender

 

Environment

 

Physical, mental & emotional status

 

Values

Term

 

 

 

 

Forms of 

Communication

Definition

 

 

 

 

Verbal

 

Nonverbal

Term

 

 

 

 

Helping Relationship

Definition

 

 

 

Phases:  

 

Orientation-Getting to know pt/Establish trust

 

Working-"How do you feel about this new diagnosis?"/Establish goals

 

Termination-Wrap things up, Discharge readiness

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Blocks to 

Therapeutic Communication

Definition

 

 

Preconceived Ideas

Disconnected nurse

Talking in Med Terminology

Lack of Trust/Respect

Giving Advice instead of Offering Options

Not paying attention

Not helping them talk

Term

 

 

 

 

SBAR

Definition

 

 

Situation

 

Background

 

Assessment

 

Recommendation

 

Term

 

 

 

SBAR 

 

hands-off

Definition

 

 

 

Transfer of care (info, responsibility, authority) between providers

 

Communicate Interactively (questions)

Communicate Up-to-Date Info

Limit Interruptions

Allow Sufficient Time

Require Verification

Ensure Receiver has opportunity to review data & treatment

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Function & Role of

Cardiovascular System 

&

Transport of Respiratory Gases 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

pumps blood carrying O2 and CO2 to and away from tissues. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs with the alveoli and capillaries. 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Care for Pts Undergoing Diagnostic Procedure r/t 

Respiratory Function

Definition

 

 Aterial Blood Gas & pH Analysis

 preparation:  Explain procedure inc. puncture of radial, brachial, or femoral artery. Allen's test

Aftercare:  Record sup. O2/Resp. Settings on lab slip

Place specimen on ice and take to lab.

Apply pressure 5-10 min

 

Cytologic Study

Prep:  Collect sputum 3 consec. days in a.m.

Instruct Pt deep cough, expel sputum into sterile cont. Cap w/ tight-fitting lid

After:  Label & send cont. to lab

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Age-Related Differences

in pts w/ 

respiratory problems

 

Definition

 

Older Adults have decreased elastic recoil of lungs, need to use accessory muscles for expiration, fewer functional capillaries & more fibrous tissue in alveoli, decreased skeletal muscle strength in thorax, reduced vital capacity , increased residual volume.

 

Less air exchange, more secretions remain in lungs, drier mucous membranes, altered pain sensation, diff. norms for body temp., pos. atypical fever, greater risk for aspiration due to slower gastric motility, impaired mobility & inactivity

Term

 

 

 

 

Respiratory Assessment

Definition

Respiratory Assessment: assess usual patterns of respiration, medications that are taken daily, health history, recent changes in breathing, lifestyle and environment, cough, sputum, chest pain, dyspnea, fever, fatigue

Term

 

 

 

 

Nursing Interventions

for

Maintaining & Promoting O2

Definition

 

Teach Pt about pollution-free environments

Reduce anxiety, Good nutrition, High Fowler's Position, Adequate fluid intake, Humidified air, Deep breathing, Use of incentive spirometer, pursed-lip breathing, promote and control coughing, perform chest pt, suction airway, Administer meds, Provide sup. o2, 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Artificial Airways

Definition

 

 

 

 

Oropharyngeal-used to keep tongue out of the way. Goes in back of pharynx. For post-op pts while unconscious

 

Nasopharyngeal-used for frequent nasotracheal suctioning

 

Endotracheal Tube-used to oxygenate pt via mechanical vent

 

Tracheostomy-

Term

 

 

 

 

Meds for Oxygenation

Definition

 

Inhaled meds via nebulizer, MDI, DPI, PO, inhalation, IV, Rectally

 

Accolate, Singulair, Albuterol, Theophylline, Corticosteroids, Diphenhydramine, Cetrizine (Zyrtec), Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cromolyn Sodium (Intal)

Term

 

 

 

 

O2 Therapy

Definition

 

Flow Rate:  L/min

ordered by physician

humidify

no smoking when in use

Avoid synthetic fabrics & oil & open flames

Delivered by nasal cannula, nasopharyngeal cath, face mask, O2 tent

Term

 

 

 

 

Inhalation Therapy

Definition

 

 

 

 

used to open airways, to liquefy or loosen thick secretions or reduce inflammation.

Via nebulizer, MDI, PDI

Term

 

 

 

Suctioning

Definition

 

 

 

used when pt is unable to remove secretions with coughing

via canula through oropharynx, nasopharynx, or trache.

Term

 

 

 

 

Chest Percussion

Definition

 

 

 

 

.use a cupped palm to loosen pulmonary secretions for 30 to 60 seconds several times/day

Term

 

 

 

 

Vibration

Definition

 

 

 

 

uses manual compression and tremor on pt's chest wall to loosen secretions.

rhythmic contractions and relaxation of arm & shoulder muscles while holding the hands flat on chest wall as pt exhales.

Term

 

 

 

 

Postural Drainage

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

uses gravity to drain secretions 2 to 4x/day for 20 to 30 minutes

High Fowler's do drain apical sections of upper lobes

Lying position, half on ab, half on side, R & L to dain post. section of upper lobes

Lying position on L side to drain R lobe

Trendelenburg position to drain lower lobes

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