Term
| which of the following are true about fish locomotion (1) |
|
Definition
| fish use primarily the thin band of red lateral muscle for normal cruising |
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Term
| which of the following are true about the geologic time line and ancient fishes? 2 |
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Definition
ostracoderms, acanthodians, and placoderms were all extinct by about the end of the paleozoix era (225 million years ago)
The greatest diversification of the bony fishes (Osteichthyes) occurred in freshwater |
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Term
| which of the following are true about countercurrent exchange systems in fish? 1 |
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Definition
| the secondary lamellae at which oxygen exchange occurs are arranged perpendicular to the gill filiments and parallel to the flow of water |
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Term
| Which of the following are true about fish classification 3 |
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Definition
Osteichthyes includes the sturgeons and padedlefish
elasmobranchiiomorphi include the sharks,skates, rays and chimaeras |
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Term
| which of the following are true about fish respiration rates? 1 |
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Definition
| the standard metabolic rate measures oxygen consumption for a fish at rest |
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Term
Camels
Often
Sit
Down
Carefully
Perhaps
Their
Joints
Creak |
|
Definition
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for dim light vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for color perception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of reflective cells within the choroid body of retina to increase light sensitivity and low light vision |
|
|
Term
| Neuromasts can be distributed 2 ways. What are they |
|
Definition
| within a canal or superficially on the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| sensitive to near field vibrations/displacement |
|
|
Term
| how many paired sime-circular canals do teleosts have? Lampreys? |
|
Definition
| teleosts have 3 pairs and lampreys have two |
|
|
Term
| what is a neuromast made of? |
|
Definition
| mechanosensory hair cells with kinocilia which respond to water movements, surrondede by support cells which secrete a gelatinous cupula and is innervated by sensory neurons |
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Term
| Humans have semi-circular canals with structures similar to otoliths serving similar functions |
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Definition
| these are analogous structures |
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|
Term
| the weberian apparatus is found in what super order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water can enter the nares 3 ways. what are they |
|
Definition
1. forward motion of fish
2. action of cilia inside pits
3. contraction of nasal sacs |
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Term
| olfaction is the fishes long distance chemical sense what is the short-range chemical sense? |
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Definition
| gustation is the short-range chemical sense what is the long distance chemical sense? |
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Term
|
Definition
| structures that may have different function but arose from a common ancestor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structers that are similar in function but not of same evolutionary origin. |
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Term
| Jawless fish have how many gill slits? and how many branchial arches? |
|
Definition
7 gill slits
8 branchial arches |
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|
Term
| Early jawed fish have how many gill slits? and how many branchial arches? |
|
Definition
6 gill slits
6 branchial arches |
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|
Term
| modern sharks (most)have how many gill slits? and how many branchial arches? |
|
Definition
5 gill slits + spiracle
5 branchial arches, but 3 used for jaws |
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|
Term
| what type of jaw suspension do sharks have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of jaw suspension do primitive sharks have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of jaw suspension do ratfish have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone formed around cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not preceded by cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myxosporean parasite infection that affects trout and salmon
organism migrates to central nervous system of young fish then to cartilage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| no vertebral column and undifferentiated notocord |
|
|
Term
| lampreys vertebral column |
|
Definition
| lack vetebral column with neural arch elements on notocord |
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|
Term
| jawed fish vertebral column |
|
Definition
| cartilaginous or ossified vertebrae and amphicelous centra |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a primary bone of the pectoral girdle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. found mostly along lateral midline
2. used for sustained swimming
3. usually small fraction of body mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. as swimming speed increases fish recruits more white muscle
2. has no myoglobin, uses anaerobic metabolism
3. used for burst swimming |
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|
Term
|
Definition
scattered throughout body
intermediate in structure and function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as predators grow the kinds of food it can eat changes |
|
|
Term
| Key facts about fish growth 6 and long |
|
Definition
1. fish grow over many orders of magnitude in size during their lifetime
2. fish growth is indeterminate meaning there is no fixed ultimate body size.
3. fish growth is extremely variable within a population through time and among polulations
4. growth (size) affects survival and reproduction
5. growth is an integrator of endogenous and exogenous conditions for a fish.
6. Understanding growth is an essential part of stock assessment and conservation of sport commercial and nongame fish populations |
|
|
Term
| Growth at high population denities |
|
Definition
| is decreased because food is reduced and foraging locations limit feeding along with greater competiiton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth increases less competition but more chance of predation |
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|
Term
Ostracoderms
appreared/extinct
jaws? |
|
Definition
appeared in cambrian and extinct in devonian
no jaws
highly armored
no paired fins |
|
|
Term
Acanthodians
appeared/extinct
Jaws? |
|
Definition
silurian through permian
first jawed fishes |
|
|
Term
placoderms
appeared/extinct |
|
Definition
silurian through carboniferous
paired fins
heavily armored
holostylic jaws |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
devonian to present
not body
hyostylic |
|
|
Term
| What was the age of fishes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Osteichthyes
1)What are the evolutionary lines
2) when did they appear
3) where did they diversify |
|
Definition
sarcopterygii and actinopterygii
appeared in devonian
arose and diversified in freshwater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fin rays derived from scales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fin lobes contain complex bone structure
holostylic jaw suspension
dominant predators of devonian |
|
|
Term
| 4 groups of sarcopterygians |
|
Definition
| lungfishes coelacanths osteolepids and tetrapods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hollowspine
3 lobed caudal fin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extinct in permian
on line gave rise to the tetrapods |
|
|
Term
| missing link for tetrapods what was it called?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rayfinned fishes
most fish today are ray finned |
|
|
Term
| three groups of actinopterygians |
|
Definition
chondrosteans
cladistians
neopterygians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cartilage bone
the original ray fins
STURGEons and paddlefish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ganoid cales, rudimentary lungs
BIRCHIRS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New fin fishes
GARS BOWFINS TELEOSTS
lost ganoid scales, reduced heterocercal tail and have a hyostylic jae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Advanced actinopterygians
diversified explosively
have of all vertebrate species |
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