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test 2
jerry test #2
139
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2012

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Term
the elevational treatment used in the entrance facade of grundtvig church is best described as_____. where did this form originate in denmark?
Definition
stepped gable

copenhagen
Term
what device is used in the stockholm city hall to link it with the adjacent lake?
Definition
arcade
Term
list two precedents for saarinen's final design of the main entry in the helsinkii railroad station:
Definition

olbrich-ludwig house

sullivan- world fair building

Term
the kallio church was designed by
Definition
sonck
Term
describe the elevational treatment saarinen typically used in the towers of his finnish buildings
Definition
bookend
Term
the building typically credited with the start of the national romantic movement in scandinavia is
Definition
copenhagen city hall
Term
the tampere cathedral was designed by
Definition
lars sonck
Term
"the arrangement of a vertical force against a contrasting and balancing horizontal volume" best describes the compositional theory employed by
Definition
saarinen
Term
the movement in scandanavia at the turn of the century that was a genuine attempt to interpret the indigenous tradition of each of the respective countries is referred to as
Definition
national romantic
Term
list two reasons why saarinen preferred to incorporate a vertical element in the massing of his buildings
Definition
landmark on horizon
composition=anchor
Term
the style that evolved in finland to express and preserve the indigenous culture in the face of increasing pressure by the czar to 'russify' Finland was
Definition
national romantic
Term
saarinen's favorite interior color was
Definition
green
Term
the typical saarinen formal composition incorporated a _____ element to _______
Definition
vertical
create an urban landmark
Term
_______ is the name of residential compound of Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen
Definition
Hvittrask
Term
"Hvittrask" was the name given to the residential complex of
Definition
GLS
Term
what two things were necessary to be developed in the late 18th/ early 19th centuries to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures?
Definition

hydralic cement

reinforced concrete

Term
list three reasons why larson considers reinforced ocncrete, and not iron, to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture
Definition
monolithic
fireproof
plastic can be formed
Term
ernest ransome's concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what french pioneer in concrete?
Definition
francois coignet
Term
the first important french contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the franco-prussian war was
Definition
francois coignet
Term
the architect chosen by henry ford to design his factories in detroit was
Definition
albert kahn
Term
what economic advantage did the hennebique system enjoy in paris?
Definition
concrete floors were thinner-->more money
Term
what was the secret of roman cement that was rediscovered in the late 19th century?
Definition
cement powder from pouzzoli was hydraulic
Term
the french rationalist tradition, started by soufflout,and best represented by the work of perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles?
Definition
classical exterior
rational structure
Term
what other theoretician, besides violet le duc, influenced the work of perret?
Definition
choisy
Term
what two theoreticians influenced the work of perret?
Definition
viollet le duc
auguste choisy
Term
the architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the first automobile factories in detroit was
Definition
albert kahn
Term
the first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the
Definition
ingalls building
Term
the swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched, three-hinged concrete bridges was
Definition
robert maillart
Term
portland cement was first invented in which country?
Definition
england
Term
the demise of terra cotta fireproofing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of
Definition
san fran earthquake
Term
in which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed?
Definition
france
Term
what advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron front he viewpoint of structural rationalists?
Definition
fireproof- didn't have to hide architecture
Term
which french engineer built an international concrete company after the franco-prussian war?
Definition
francois hennebique
Term
what was the name of tony garnier's socialist utopian city which employed housing and solar-power?
Definition
citè industrielle
Term
what is generally regarded as the first american reinforced concrete building?
Definition
william ward's concrete castle, book
Term
the german architectural theorist who noted the inferior quality of german manufactured goods as the 1851 world's fair was
Definition
semper
Term
what past style did semper champion as being capable of further development?
Definition
romanesque
Term
what was the precedent for the brandenburg Gate?
Definition
memorial to fredrick the great
Term
the first theoretician to speculate about woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall was
Definition
semper
Term
the german artist usually credited as having coined the term "gesamtkunstwerk" is
Definition
richard wagner
Term
the wasmth volumes documented the early work of
Definition
franklloyd wright
Term
the german architectural writer who mythologized the english arts and crafts house as the turn of the century was
Definition
muthesius
Term
gropius was responsible for what building at the 1914 deutscher werkbund exhibition
Definition
deutscher werkland model factory
Term
name two leading designers that were placed in charge of a major german school of design prior to WWI
Definition
muthesius or behrens
Term
the deutscher Werkbund chose ______ to design the model factory for its 1914 cologne exhibition. the final design was influenced by what wright building?
Definition
gropius
mason city bank
Term
AEG of germany hired_____to redesign its entire image, production, and buildings
Definition
Behrens
Term
one of the three founders of the deutscher werkbund was
Definition
muthesius
Term
das englische haus was written by
Definition
muthesius
Term
what was the primary difference in intention between a kahn-designed factory and the behrens- designed age factory
Definition
behrens-applied art to design
Kahn- industrial only
Term
the ______ was founded to encourage the improvement of machine production in germany
Definition
deutscher werkbund
Term
behrens was greatly influenced by what philosopher?
Definition
nietzsche
Term
herman muthesius used what type of building as the model for geermany to emulate in order to improve its building design
Definition
english house
Term
how can one view the design of the fagus factory as an inverse of the AEG turbine factory?
Definition
AEG- massive corner, pushes glass in
FAGUS- negative corner, pulls glass out
Term
the fagus works was designed by _____
Definition
gropius
Term
in what three shapes did cezanne say that nature reveals itself?
Definition
cylinder
sphere
cone
Term
the futurist manifesto was written by
Definition
fillipo marinetti
Term
list two factors which occur prior to 1860 that influenced the evolution towards abstraction on modern painting
Definition
tristan chord
birth of tragedy out of the spirit of music
Term
the primary objective of cubist painting was
Definition
multiple views
motion
Term
what three shapes did cubists painters employ in their paintings?
Definition
cylinder, sphere, cone
Term
name a cubist painter
Definition
picasso
Term
____ is the name given to a group of radical italian designers who were prominent just prior to the start of WWI
Definition
futurists
Term
the futurist movement was centered in ______
Definition
italy
Term
what was one of the compositional goals of cubist paintings?
Definition
portray variety of views on one picture plane
Term
Concerning the Spiritual in Art was written by
Definition
Kandinsky
Term
the first expressionist glass skyscraper was designed by
Definition
mies
Term
_______ designed the weimar governments new research tower for einstein
Definition
mendelson
Term
______ designed the second Goetheanum
Definition
steiner
Term
list three buildings at the werkbunds 1914 cologne exhibition that represented the three main movements in german architecture prior to the start of WWI
Definition
Deutscher Werkbund Model theater--dynamism Glass Pavillion--crystalism model factory--sachlich
Term
what was the 'crystal chain'?
Definition
taut's group of underground artists
Term
did mies extrude the lot lines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals? why?
Definition
no, he kept them pulled away from the street to create greenspace
Term
the designer of the german glass industry pavilion at the 1914 deutscher werkbund exhibition was
Definition
bruno taut
Term
give an example of a different german expressionist architect who designed in each of the following materials:
a. glass
b. brick
c. dynamism(concrete)
Definition
bruno taut
hans poelzig
Van de Velde
Term
why was the cathedral viewed as the ideal historic building type for the german expressionists?
Definition
architecture of glass was not entirely realized; represents a better time in the past
Term
____________ was the major building project that focused the energies of german expressionists immediately following the end of WWI
Definition
cathedral of socialism
Term
the chilehaus in hamburg was designed by
Definition
fritz höger
Term
the author of "glass architecture" was
Definition
paul scheerbart
Term
the cathedral of socialism was the ultimate goal of what movement?
Definition
communist artists (crystal chain)
Term
the grosses schauspielhaus in berlin was designedby
Definition
poelzig
Term
the architect of the proposed Leningrad Pravada building in moscow was
Definition
vesnin brothers
Term
the architect of the rusakov worker's club was
Definition
melnikov
Term
name two avant-garde mouvements which emerged in russia just prior to the russian revolution and the respective leader of each
Definition
malevich-suprematism
tatlin-constructivism
Term
name the two avante guard architecture movements that emerged in russia during the leadership of lenin and an architect from each
Definition
rationalists-ladovsky
constructivists-ginzburg
Term
the spiraling design for the proposed monument to the third international was conceived by
Definition
tatlin
Term
constructivist architecture was primarily a product of this country:
Definition
russia
Term
______ was the design school in Communist Russia that preceded the Bauhaus
Definition
VKhutemas
Term
name a russian suprematist painter:
Definition
malevich
Term
"prouns", ideograms with a utopian content, were conceived by
Definition
lissitzky
Term
what is a "corner counter-relief"
Definition
builds out from surface
Term
what rationalist approach was manifested in Melnikov's design of the 1925 USSR pavilion?
Definition
diagonals will make it look bigger conceptually
Term
who was the first to make "architectons"?
Definition
malevich
Term
the leningrad Pravada building for moscow was a project designed by
Definition
Vesnin brothers
Term
the competition devised by the Soviets as a response to the Chicago tribune building competition was:
Definition
palace of labor
Term
describe three details in the vesnin's palace of labor that identify as a constructivist building:
Definition
-shiplike
-rayonism
-exposed machinery
Term
loo's major criticism of the deutscher werkbund was that it
Definition
overdesigning to the point of clothing, furniture, etc.
Term
did mies extrude the lot lines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals
Definition
no, he wanted to create greenspace
Term
________ was the architect invited by gropius to give the keynote speech at the Bauhaus week of 1923?
Definition
Oud
Term
name two abstract painters who played a major role in the aesthetic change in the Bauhaus curriculum:
Definition
van doesburg; mondrian
Term
what two avant-garde artists were credited by larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedogogy from expressionism to abstract formalism
Definition
van doesburg; maholy nagy
Term
van doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as continuous, but non-linear flow of space was
Definition
neo-plasticism
Term
towards a plastic architecture was written by
Definition
van doesburg
Term
what was the difference in how wright approached the design of his interiors and how van doesburg designed his interiors?
Definition
wright-volume
doesburg-planes
Term
neo-plasticism is a term associated with what movement?
Definition
de stijl
Term
the de stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by:
Definition
mondrian
Term
describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by van doesburg:
Definition
continuous- no touching horizontal and vertical planes
Term
name a de stijil painter
Definition
mondrian
Term
the red-blue chair was designed by
Definition
rietveld
Term
the schroder house was designed by
Definition
rietveld
Term
describe the changes made in the first year design at the bauhaus made when maholy nagy replaces itten as the teacher
Definition
mechanical, precise, scientific
Term
what was the major difference between mies' concrete and brick country house projects?
Definition
concrete-different masses and vantage points;voids w/ windows
country-no continuous corners, planes create space
Term
the german term used by german designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was
Definition
sachlich
Term
the objective of the vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was
Definition
to gather foundation of knowledge about materials
Term
the german term that describes the spirit of mies' concrete office building of 1923 was
Definition
Term
what architectural theoretician was responsible for thee shift in design theory away form expressionism at the weimar bauhaus
Definition
maholy nagy
Term
the event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the bauhaus from expressionism to "the new architecture" was
Definition
maholy nagy replacing itten
Term
define neue Sachlichkeit
Definition
group focused on structure/function, not ornament
Term
describe mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923-1929:
Definition
space defined by planes
Term
the karl liebknecht and rosa luxemburg monument was designed by
Definition
mies van der rohe
Term
marcel breuer is best known for the design of the ______ chair while working at the bauhaus
Definition
wassily
Term
the "wassily" chair was designed by
Definition
marcel breuer
Term
the dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was
Definition
oud
Term
_________ was the leading theoretician of the de stijl movement
Definition
van doesburg
Term
the architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 weissenhof sidelong was
Definition
mies
Term
______ was the major building type that brought the international style to the forefront of german design in the 1920s
Definition
Term
the "barcelona chair" was designed by
Definition
mies
Term
when walter gropius assembled his faculty for the bauhaus school, he drew many of them from which field of expertise?
Definition
painting
Term
________ was the director of the trade/design school in weimar when its name was changed to the staatliches bauhaus
Definition
gropius
Term
the first building designed by corbusier that incorporates pilotis was
Definition
villa savoye
Term
the original purpose of the Dom-ino system was to
Definition
reconstruct belgian homes from rubble
Term
what was the elevational design advantage of the domino system? what was the first realization of this advantage?
Definition
wall is non-bearing
can use long windows
Term
why did le corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses?
Definition
to not break up flow
Term
list two influences on corbusier's interest in the two-story living space?
Definition
parisian restaurant
parisian art studios
Term
"a machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of
Definition
le corbusier
Term
what three major architectural figures worked in peter behrens office?
Definition
le corbusier
mies van der rohe
gropius
Term
list corbusier's five points of architecture
Definition
free plan
free facade
ribbon windows
pilotis
roof garden
Term
le corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings
Definition
architectural promenades
Term
le corbusier worked for what two major european figures in pre WWI europe which had a marked influenced on his career
Definition
behrens
perret
Term
the golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied this period?
Definition
le corbusier
Term
_____ was the term le corbusier and ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was a conscious rejection of much of what cubism represented
Definition
purism
Term
towards an architecture was written by
Definition
le corbusier
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