Term
| julian sought both to restore the lost glory of __________, and to impede the _________ of Christianity |
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Definition
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Term
| Rather than persecuting Christians, Julian followed a two pronged policy of ___________ ______ ________ and _______ ________ |
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Definition
| Hindering their progress and ridiculing them |
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Term
| The council of Constantinople reaffirmed the doctrine of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The main contribution of Cappadocian fathers was in clarifying the difference between _______ and ________. The latin west and the Greek east came to agree on a common formula ____ ______ in three persons. |
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Definition
Essense and substance
one essence |
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Term
| Ambrose believe that the church ruled over secular_______ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| John Chrysostom is remember today for giving his name to the litirgy which is in general use in _______ ________ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The first task was to reform the life of the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Jerome is primarily remembered for his translations of the bible into ______ "vulgate" from the original languages. |
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Definition
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Term
| Augustine became the champion of the ______ of the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| St Augustine believe the origin of evil, then, is to be found in the ______ _________ made by both ________ and _______ _____.Further Augustine believe evil it is a ________, a _________, a ___________. |
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Definition
bad decisions, human and angelic wills
decision, direction, negation of good. |
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Term
| According to Augustine, the power of sin is such that it takes hold of our ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two of Augustine's writings are particularly significant, ______ and ___ ____ ____ _____. |
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Definition
Confessins
The city of God. |
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Term
| you have made us for yourself and our heart is ________ until it _____ __ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The great contribution of Ulfila to Gothic christianity was in developing an _______ for the _______ of the goths, and then translating the ______ into it. |
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Definition
| Alphabet,Language, Bible. |
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Term
| AS the western roman empire come to a end it was the church that provided ________ with the past. It became the guardian of ________ and of ______ |
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Definition
Continuity
Civilization
order |
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Term
| During the Middle Ages, Christianity became the ______ force of culture |
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Definition
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Term
| The fall of western Roman empire created a number of ________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Pepin's son, Charlemagne, would be the greatest ruler of the early middle ages, one who sought to _______ __ ______ and who was ________ ________ by the ______. |
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Definition
Reform the church
crowned emperor by the pope |
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Term
| an important and lasting consequence of the influence of irish Christianity on the rest of Europe as the spread of the practice of private or auricular ________ to a priest. |
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Definition
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Term
| In summary, from the fifth to the eight century Western Europe was swept by series of ________ that brought chaos to the land, and destroyed a great deal of the _______ of antiquity. The invaders brought with them two religions challenges that until then seemed to be matters of the past _______ and _______. |
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Definition
Invasions
Learning
Paganism and Arianism |
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Term
| At the same time as some of the various Germaninc invasions were taking place, the ______ church was flourishing |
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Definition
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Term
| western monasticism tended to differ from its Eastern counterpart on three points. first, western monasticism tended to be more _______. Second, WEstern monasticism did not place the premium on _________ that was typical in the east. Third Western monasticism did not live in the constant tension with the ________ of the church that was typical of Eastern monasticism. |
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Definition
practical
Solitude
hierarchy |
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Term
| The main figure of Western monasticism in its formative years--- in many ways, its founder was ______. His greatest significance was in the ______ that he gave to his community. |
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Definition
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Term
| There are 2 elements of monastic life that Benedic though are crucial _________ and ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The prayer book of the bible is the book of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The core of the monastic life as Benedic conceived it was a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the west the church became the guardian of what was left of ________ ________ as well as of ________ and _________. THus, the most prestigious ________ in the west, that of Rome, became the focal point for regaining a unity that had been shattered by the invasions. |
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Definition
Ancient civilization
order and justice
bishop |
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Term
| _______ __ _____, who has been called the first "pope" in the modern sense. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pope was convince that jesus had made ______ and his successors the rock on which the church was to be built and that therefore the bishop of ______. Peter direct successor, is the _____ of the church. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gregory believed that in the mass or communion Christ was ______ ____. THis notion of the mass as sacrifice eventually became standard doctrine of the Western church until it was rejected by _______ in teh sixteenth century. |
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Definition
sacrificed anew
protestants |
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Term
| Muhammed claimed that he was not preaching a _____ ________, but simply th culmination of what God had revealed in the Hebrew prophets and in jesus who was a great prophet although ____ _______ as Christians claim. |
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Definition
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Term
| in the field of theology, there were 2 areas of particular concern of Islam, namely the ___ of ______ and the _______ __ ________. |
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Definition
Use of images
doctrine of the trinity |
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Term
| From its very beginnings, Islam has view religion and politics as necesarily and righfully _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Apart from the obvious cultural differences between the Latin-speaking West and the Greek-speaking East, the _______ ___ __ _______ produced entirely differeent situations in the two branches of the church |
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Definition
| Political course of events |
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Term
| The council which met at Chalcedon in 451 produced a statement that was not a creed but rather a ______ __ ______, or clarification of what the church _____ __ __ ____. |
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Definition
Definition of faith
held to be true |
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Term
| During the reign of Constantine V, the empire was soon divided between "iconoclast" who were the _______ __ ______ and iconodules ________ __ _______ |
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Definition
Destroyers of images
worshipers of images |
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Term
| at the 7th Ecumenical council gathered at nicea in 787. This assembly distinguised between worship in the strict sense, latria, which is due ___ __ ____, and a lesser worship veneration, dulia, which is to be ______ __ _______. |
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Definition
only to god
given to images |
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Term
| Photius then declared that the entire West was _______, because it had tampered with the _____ ______ by including in it the word Filioque ____ ____ ___ ____. Photius argued that in adding and from the ancient understanding of the trinity, which affirms that the SPirit proceeds from the Father, ______ __ ___ |
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Definition
Heretical
Nicene Creed
And from the son
Through the Son |
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Term
| One by product of the controversy was the resurgence of the old roman Creed, now called the _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ the final break between western and eastern church took place over _____ vs _______ how the holy spirit ________ and competing ______. This churches became known as the ______ _______ _______ |
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Definition
1054
Pope vs Patriarchs
proceeds
missions
Eastern Orthodox church |
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Term
| After conquering several contries in West, Charlemagne was crowned holy roman emperor by Pope Leo 3 on _______ ____ on year 800. As emperor Charlemagne feel caleed to rule his people both _____ and _______ matters. He appointed ______ ordered that preaching be in the _______ of the people that someday be kept as a day of _______ or _______ and that _______ be collected as if their be a tax. |
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Definition
Christmas day
civic and ecclesiastical
bishops
language
worship
rest or tithes |
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Term
| on treatis on the body and the blood of the lord written in 831 and rvised form 844 by a monk Paschasius Raddertus he declared that when teh bread and wine are ________ they are transformed into the ______ and _______ of the lord. However, the ________ ______ of christ is not the same as the _________ _______ of jesus, which is seating at the right hand of God. THis concept became known as ____________ and was ratified by the 4th lateral council that meed 1215 |
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Definition
Consecrated
eucharistic body
historical body
transubtantineon |
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Term
| one of the characteristics of the Cluniac reformation of monastic life was that all their house had to have ____ ______ to their property |
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Definition
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Term
| Cluniacs came to spend practically all their time at the Divine office, neglecting the _______ ___ that was so important for Benedict |
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Definition
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Term
| After ordering the life of hundres of monastic houses, they set their sight on the reformation of the ________ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Simony (__ ___ __ ______ __ _______ ____) was therefore one of the worst evils to be eradicated. The other great enemy of reformation thus conceived in monastic terms was _________ ___________. |
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Definition
The buying and selling of ecclasiastical post
clerical marriage |
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Term
| cruzades had 4 objectives |
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Definition
To defeat the muslim and regain the Holyland
To save Bizantin Empire
Reunite the EAstern and Western branches
Win heaven |
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Term
| There were ______ cruzades |
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Definition
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Term
| In western Europe, the crusades and teh Spanish Reconquista enhanced the power of the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The monastic ideal took a new direction with the founding of the ______ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The author of our text mention 2 mendicant orders. |
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Definition
Franciscus-poverty
Dominicants-study and preaching |
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Term
| Third orders were instrumented both in spreading Franciscan and Dominican ______ and in providing ______ for the mendicants themselves. |
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Definition
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Term
| Scholasticism- The medieval movement ______ to _____ which emphasizes the _________ ________ of ________ _______. |
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Definition
1200 to 1500
rational justification
religious belief |
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Term
| The method of Anselms theology, which applies _______ to a truth known by ______ in order to _______ better. |
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Definition
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Term
| two developments were significant for the early history of scholasticism: the growth of ________ and the reintroduction of the teachings of _______ into Western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
| Peter lombard believe there are 7 sacraments |
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Definition
| Baptism, confirmation, eucharistic, penance, anointing of the sick, holy orders and matrimony |
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Term
| Scholastic philosophy sought to create a ________ and _________ system of taught. Scholastics became experts at __________ thinking |
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Definition
Coherint
comprehenssive
systematic |
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Term
| All to Thomas all truth necessary for salvation, including that which can be reached by reason, has been _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Accordaing to Thomas help the church cope with _____ _____ coming out of the Aristotelian revival, but in doing so he opened the way for modern _______ and ________. |
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Definition
New ideas
science and observation |
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Term
| The best known writing of Thomas |
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Definition
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Term
| After the failure of the Crusades _________ were teh main missionary body remaining in the holy land. |
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Definition
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Term
| There were 2 events that set the stage for the life of church |
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Definition
100 years war
Great plague |
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Term
| St Cattherine of Siana became famous as a teacher of ________, and gathered around her a circle of men and women, many of them more educated than she, whom she taught the principles and practice of ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| john Wycliffe and John Huss, came to the conclusion that it was not only the ______ but also the ________ of the church that ought to be reformed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wycliffe began translating the bible from the Vulgate into _______ a task that his followers continued after ______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lollards were ____ ______ who dedicated themselves to spreading the ideas of _______ __________ |
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Definition
Lay preacher
John Wycliffe |
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Term
| john thus came to the conclusion that the bible is the ____ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| William Tyndel was teh first to have ________ and _________ the new testament into _______ . |
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Definition
Translated and printed
English |
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Term
| The mystcal impulse tended to weaken the ________ not only of corrupt prelates but of teh hierarchial _______ itself. Indeed, if through direct contemplation one can achieve communication one can achieve communion with the divine, such traditional means of grace as the _______, __________ and even ________ |
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Definition
Authority
church
Sacraments, preaching and scripture |
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Term
| The tendency of Western theology to make salvation a goal to be attained by ________ ______ reached its high point in late medieval theology. |
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Definition
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Term
| The question of _______ was of paramount importance for theologians in the 14th and 15th century. Occam himself believed that both the pope and a universal council could err, and that only the ______ was infallible. |
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Definition
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