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| Any number of people w/ similar norms, values, and expectations |
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| consisting of intimate face to face interaction and cooperation |
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| large membership, less intimate, and less long standing |
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| the distinction between us and them |
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| making assumptions about the behavior of "others" |
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links between individuals or other social units such as organizations or nations. usually formed within neighborhoods, workplaces, family ties, religion, etc. |
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rich guys that only let in people they are connected to |
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tendency for group members to reach consensus based on flawed decisions -illusion of invulnerability -negative imperssions of "adversaries" -discouragement of dissent |
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larger and more structurally complex than groups -organized to achieve task and to accomplish specific goals -have mission statement |
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-people join because of worthwhile goals, prestige -usually tied to people's morals, convictions, beliefs |
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membership largely involuntary, a product of punishment ex. prision, boot camp |
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| people join for purposes such as money, can be profit or non profit |
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| McDonaldization of Society |
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based on Weber's theory of rationalization -McDonald's becomes the most rational of all systems and spills out onto other aspects of society -efficiency, calculability, predicability |
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ideal characteristics high degree of division of labor hierarchy of authority detailed rules impersonality efficiency |
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| a hierarchial arrangement where groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth |
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| what are the three categories of social stratification? |
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usually in agraian society small group - own most land |
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started w/ capitalism boundries are blurry through personal effort, you can move |
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structural postions groups hold relative to economic, social, political and cultural resources |
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| why stratifications? marxism |
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life chances are dictated by place in hierarchy capitalism: means of production are private |
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| why stratification? functionalism |
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rolles filled by upperclass are essential rewards for work are fair inequality motivates people to get ahead |
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| why stratification? conflict |
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interests of the powerful (not survival of society as a whole) create inequlity inequality wastes the talent of thes at the bottom of society |
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| when a foreign power maintains political, economic, social and cultural dominance over people. |
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| indirect independence on an industrialized nation |
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core - lot of money semi periphery (Israel) periphery - developing countries |
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| multinational corps: functionalist |
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| promote development and bring jobs to developing nations |
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| multinational corps: conflict |
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| exploit workers to maximize profits |
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a group set apart in society because of physical characteristics deemed socially important |
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| social construction of race |
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| process of defining races partly on historical, cultural, and economic factors |
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| set apart because of national origin, distinctive cultural patterns |
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| european or of european descent |
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| african or african descent |
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| indian, pakistani, or bangladeshi descent |
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| chinese, vietnamese, korean, filipino descent |
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| assimilation v. cultural pluralism |
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assimilating into white, middle class culture the only way to achieve acceptence -co - existence of various, distinctive cultures w/ those of the dominant group |
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| negative attitudes toward entire category of people. |
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| denial of opportunites and equal rights to groups of people |
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