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Test 2
Chapters 4 and 5
31
Anthropology
Undergraduate 2
02/23/2009

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Term
Age class system
Definition
a system in which individuals of similar age are placed in a named group and moved as a unit through the culturally defined stages of life. Specific rituals mark each change in age status.
Term
Bride-service
Definition
the cultural expectation that a newly married husband will preform certain tasks for his in-laws
Term
bride wealth
Definition
goods, often livestock, that are transferred from the family of the groom to the family of the bride in order to legitimize the marriage and the children of the couple
Term
genitor
Definition
the biological father of a child
Term
liminal phase
Definition
an ambiguous phase of ritual transition in which is on the threshold between two states.
Term
pater
Definition
the culturally legitimate, or socioloical, father of a child
Term
patrilineage
Definition
a lineage based on descent traced through a line of men to a common male ancestor and sharing a joint estate
Term
transhumance
Definition
seasonal movement of livestock herds to maintain optimum grazing conditions; often involves alititudinal shifts
Term
cattle complex
Definition
Term
complementary opposition
Definition
a situation in which people assume a group identity in political opposition to another group at the level
Term
desertification
Definition
is the degradation of land in ariid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from natural activities influenced by climatic variations
Term
pastoralism
Definition
A braNCH of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock
Term
polyandry
Definition
when a woman marries two or more men
Term
polygany
Definition
when a man marries two or more women
Term
ritual pollution
Definition
Term
anamistic thinking
Definition
the soul concept used by tribal individuals as an excellent explanationi of life, death, and dream experiences, part of Tylor's theory of animism as the origin of religion.
Term
intragroup solidarity
Definition
Term
mullato
Definition
mixed black and white blood
Term
mestizo
Definition
Mixed European and indigenous ancestry
Term
indio
Definition
A person of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Term
sapir-whorf hypothesis
Definition
suggests that one's veiw of the world is shaped by language, such that the speakers of different languages may live in different perceptual worlds
Term
shamanic state of conciousness
Definition
an interpretation of the shamanic trance phenomenon that distinguishes it from tge altered state of conciousness of schizophrenics. A shaman may enter and leave the SSC at will, remains aware of his surroundings and uses the SSC for socially beneficial purposes.
Term
social darwanism
Definition
a political philosophy that treats other societies as biologically and culturally inferior, adn therefore unfit for survival.
Term
cartesian dualism
Definition
is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical.
Term
natural selection
Definition
the process by which individual organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Term
racism
Definition
the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Term
right of passage
Definition
a ritual marking culturally significant changes in an individual's life cycle, such as birth, puberty, marriage, old age, and death.
Term
ritual
Definition
a set of repeated actions, often thought to have symbolic value
Term
sociolinguistics
Definition
the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used.
Term
sickel-cell anemia
Definition
a life-long blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape.
Term
shaman
Definition
a part time religious speicalist with special skills for dealing with the spirit world may help his community by healing by divination and by directing super natural powers against enemies
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