Term
| What is aneurymal disease? |
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Definition
| Local dilatation of out pouching of vessel wall or cardiac chamber |
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Term
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Definition
- Ture aneurysm
- False aneurysm
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Term
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Definition
| It involves all three layers of an artery |
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Term
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Definition
- A pseudo aneurysm - it does not involve such distortion of the artery
- Occurs when there is a cut in the artery and blood pools in the tissue
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Term
| Who died from and aneurysm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Law of Laplace? |
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Definition
Contractile force within a chamber depends on:
- The radius of the chamber
- Thickness of its wall
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Term
| Smaller chambers and thicker chamber walls =? |
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Definition
| Increased contraction force |
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Term
| So, in ventricular dilatation (bigger chambers) =? |
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Definition
| Decreased contraction force to maintain pressure |
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Term
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Definition
- Cardiogenic
- Hypovolemic
- Neurogenic or vasogenic
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
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Term
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Definition
- The heart cannot pump blood out to the organs because it is so damaged
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Term
| What does cardiogenic shock cause? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Occurs when there is insufficient intravascular fluid volume
- When a person loses too much fluid or blood that they cannot pump enough blood out to the body
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Term
| What is a condition that causes hypovolemic shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurogenic or Vasogenic Shock |
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Definition
- Occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord
- This causes neural alterations in smooth muscle tone
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What can cause septic shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What generally happens during all types of shock? |
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Definition
- The cardiovascular system is unable to perfuse the tissues
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Term
| If the the cardiovascular system is unable to perfuse to the tissues what can occur? |
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Definition
| Widespread impairment of cellular and tissue metabolism because of the decreased oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
- Multifactorial
- Defective heart function
- Blood volume changes
- Changes in blood vessels, blood pressure
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of shock |
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Definition
- Variable
- Weak
- "Feeling sick"
- Cold and hot
- Nauseated
- Thirsty
- Dizzy
- Confused
- Short of breath
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Term
| What 3 things decrease with shock? |
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Definition
- Blood pressure
- Cardiac output
- Urinary output
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Term
| What increases with shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two most important things to know that occur during shock? |
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Definition
- Decreased tissue perfusion =
- Impaired cellular metabolism
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Term
| During shock cells shift from aerobic metabolism to |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to glucose during shock? |
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Definition
| There is an impaired delivery to tissues therefore they cannot uptake the glucose they need |
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Term
| What do the cells do since they dont have the glucose they need? |
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Definition
- Glycogenolysis - conservation of glycogen
- Gluconeogenesis - production of glucose
- Lipolysis - break down of lipids for energy
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Term
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Definition
| When cells use proteins for fuel because there is no available glucose |
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Term
| What then occurs as a compensatory mechanism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does metabolic acidosis do? |
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Definition
- It enables cardiac and skeletal muscles to use lactic acid as a fuel source
- But only for a limited time
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Term
| What causes cardiogenic shock? |
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Definition
- Myocardial ischemia
- MI
- Congestive heart failure
- Myocardial or pericardial infections
- Dysrhythmias
- Drug toxicity
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of Cardiogenic shock are caused by ... |
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Definition
| Inadequate perfusion to the heart |
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Term
| Cardiogenic shock activates what 3 systems in the body? |
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Definition
- Renin-andiotensin
- Neurohormonal
- Sympathrtic nervous system
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Term
| What does the activation of these 3 systems do? |
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Definition
- Fluid retention
- vasoconstriction
- tachycardia
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Term
| Release of catecholamines does what do the heart? |
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Definition
| Increase contractility and heart rate |
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Term
| Hypovolemic shock occurs with loss of: |
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Definition
- Whole blood
- Blood plasma
- Interstitial fluid
- Basically any loss of fluid
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Term
| What things does the body do to improve its self during hypovolemic shock? |
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Definition
- Vasoconstriction
- Increased SVR
- Increase afterload to improve blood pressure and prefuseion to core organs
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Term
| If these fail what happens? |
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Definition
- Impaired nutrient delivery occurs
- Failing cellular metabolism occurs
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Term
| Neurogenic Shock occurs when what happens? |
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Definition
| Usually a spinal cord injury |
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Term
| What generally happens during neurogenic shock? |
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Definition
- Vasodilation
- This creates relative hypovolemia
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Term
| What are some "other" causes of neurogenic shock? |
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Definition
- Severe pain
- Stress
- Anesthetic agents
- Antidepressants
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of neurogenic shock? |
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Definition
- Decreases SVR
- Bradycardia
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Term
| Anaphylactic Shock occurs when: |
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Definition
| An allergen causes extensive immune and inflammatory response |
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Term
| What things can cause anaphylactic shock? |
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Definition
- Snake bites
- Insects
- Penicillin
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Term
| What generally occurs during Anaphylactic shock? |
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Definition
- Vasodilation
- Increased vascular permeability
- Peripheral pooling
- Tissue edema
- Relative hypovolemia
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Term
| Septic Shock is caused by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 things cause humans to initiate an inflammatory response? |
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Definition
- Bacteremia
- Endotoxins
- Exotoxins
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Term
| What generally occurs to vessels during septic shock? |
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Definition
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