Term
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Definition
| inovulsyion, invubsyion, idolsyion, inspection, and identification |
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Term
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Definition
| the introduction of a microorganism to a medium |
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Term
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Definition
| the separation of one particular cell to create a colony |
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Term
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Definition
| classified by: physical state, chemical composition, and purpose, functional type. |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid (nutrient broth); semisolid (agar or gelatin) |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients (pH) |
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Term
| Staphylococcus (exceptions?) |
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Definition
| grows well in mannitol salt agar, high concentration of NaCl(7.5%); quite inhibitory to most human pathogens |
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Term
| Bile salts (MacConkey agar) |
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Definition
| inhibit gram-positive but permit gram-negative; used to isolate intestinal pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs oxygen thus slows penetration of oxygen in medium; important for growing anaerobic bacteria &/or determining the O req's of isolates |
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Term
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Definition
| when a inoculated medium is encouraged to multiply in a specific setting |
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Term
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Definition
| determining if the sample is pure (axenic), mixed, or contaminated |
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Term
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Definition
| determining exactly what colony(ies) were grown |
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Term
| Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell |
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Definition
| External (Appendages: flagella, pili, fimbriae --Glycocalyx: Capsule (slime layer); Cell envelope (, cell wall, cell membrane); Internal (Cytoplasm, ribosomes, inclusions, nucleoid/chromosome, Actin cytoskeleton, endospore) |
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Term
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Definition
| do not have nucleus, no histones, unique cell wall made of peptidoglycan, no organelles, only some have internal membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| have nucleus, DNA wind around histones, have organelles in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| tough walls made up of other chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| external to cell wall (made up of layer of molecules); serves as protective, adhesive, and receptor |
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Term
| Baterial chromosome or nucleoid |
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Definition
| made up of condensed DNA; directs genetics, heredity, and codes proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| appendage; transfers DNA to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| doulble-stranded DNA circle containing extra genes |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of protein and RNA; protein synthesizers |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that encircle the cell just inside the membrane; for structure/shape |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized appendage attached by basal body; Movement |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like; for adhesion to other cells & absorption of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| store nutrients for later use |
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Term
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Definition
| casing that provides structural support and shape |
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Term
| Cell (cytoplasmic) membrane |
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Definition
| lipid and protein sheet that surrounds cytoplasm; controls flow of materials in and out of cell pool |
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Term
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Definition
| extra membrane containing lipopolysaccharides; controls flow of materials, can be toxic to mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| dormant body; formed to allow survival in adverse conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| water-based solution fills cell |
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Term
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Definition
| all have cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and chromosome(s) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Polar flagella arrangement |
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Definition
| attached at one or both ends; three subtypes: mono-(one), lopho-(bunches at same site), and amphi- (both poles) trichous |
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Term
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Definition
| for motility; three parts: hook, filament, and basal body (point of attachment); vary in polar and peritrichous arrangements |
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Term
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Definition
| positive or negative movement of a cell in a favorable direction |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth linear direction towards stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| reverse direction of flagella and causes cell to stop and change course |
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Term
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Definition
| movement in response to light |
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Term
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Definition
| structure like open faced sandwich; two layers, thick cell wall (peptidoglycans) and cytoplasmic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| complete sandwich structure; three layers: outer, cell wall, and cytoplasmic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria lacking cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| most important medical species; adheres to epithelial cells in lung, cuases atypical form of pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| single circlular strand in which hereditary material exists |
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Term
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Definition
| houses DNA in bacteria; aggregated dense area of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| non-essential pieces of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| coccus (spherical), bacillus (cylindrical), vibrio (gently curved), spirillum (slightly curled or spiral shaped cylinder); pleomorphism(species often vary in shape and size) |
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Term
| Taxonomic Scheme (major divisions) |
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Definition
| Gracilicutes (gram-neg); Fimicutes (gram-pos); Tenericutes (lack cell wall/soft); and Medosicutes (archae, w/unusual everything) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| do not use oxygen to metabolize |
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Term
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Definition
| may or may not use oxygen to metabolize |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that must be provided to an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| simple molecule/atom that does not contain H or C |
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Term
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Definition
| contain C and H and are usually products of living things |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form |
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Term
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Definition
| "self-feeder"; uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source; not dependent on living things |
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Term
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Definition
| 79% of earth's atmosphere; need to be converted into basic building blocks or NH3(the only form that can be directly combined with C to synthesize amino acids) |
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Term
| Hydrogen performs roles of |
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Definition
| maintaining pH, forming hydrogen bonds, source of free energy in oxy-reduc reations of respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| found in ATP; serves in cellular energy transfers |
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Term
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Definition
| energy source: sunlight; eg. algae |
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Term
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Definition
| energy source: simple inorganic chemicals; eg. deep-sea vent bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| energy source: metaabolic conversion from other organisms; eg. protozoa, fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| energy source: metabolizing the organi matter of dead organisms; eg. fungi, bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| energy source: utilizing live host; eg. bacteria, fungi, protozoa, animals |
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Term
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Definition
| energy source: sunlight; eg. purple and green bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| an organic compound that must be provided a certain nutrient to synthesize |
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Term
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Definition
| environment is equal in solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| solute concentration of external environment is lower than that of cell's internal (bloats) |
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Term
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Definition
| the environment has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| bonding of a molecule that causes changes which facilitate the molecule's passage across the membrane and make the cell release the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| transport or nutrients again the diffusion gradient; presence of specific membrane proteins and pumps; and the expenditure of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganism that has an optimum temp. below 15C and is capable of growth at 0C |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that grow at intermediate temperatures (20C-40C) |
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Term
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Definition
| grow optimally at temps greater than 45C |
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Term
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Definition
| Chlamydomonas nivalis; classified as a "green" alga, but most times is red pigmented |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| live in habitats with high solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| perfer high concentrations of salt |
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Term
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Definition
| exist under extreme pressures |
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Term
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Definition
| two organism live together in a partnership |
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Term
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Definition
| exists in organisms that benefit from obligatorily with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| receieves benefits while is coinhabitant is neutral |
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Term
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Definition
| one member provides nutritional or protective factors needed by the other |
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Term
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Definition
| interrelationship between two or more free-living organism that benefit them but is not necessary for their survival |
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Term
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Definition
| 80% of chronic infections |
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Term
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Definition
| when a population appears not to be growing or is gwoing at less than the exponential rate (stage 1 normal growth curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| phase continues upwards as long as cells meet their needs; maximum rate of cell division (stage 2 normal growth curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| population enters survival mode; cells stop growing or slowly (stage 3 normal growth curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| when limiting factors intensify and death of cells occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| when a nutrient solution becomes cloudy because of growing microbes |
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