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| threat to internal validity that includes systematic differences between groups before any experimental manipulation or intervention because differences between groups may be due to the differences that were already evident before they were exposed to the different conditions of the experiment |
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| threat to internal validity and refers to any event common to the everyday lives of all subjects other than the independent variable that may account for the results |
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| the tendency for patients to exaggerate symptoms at the beginning of therapy and minimize symptoms at the end of therapy because their standard of defining the issue has changed |
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| the magnitude of the difference between two or more conditions |
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| underlying concept that is considered to be the basis for or reason that the experimental manipulation had an effect |
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function of the criterion for statistical significance (alpha), the size of the sample (N), and the differences that exist between groups (ES)
he probability of rejecting the null hypothesis (i.e., there are no differences) when that hypothesis is false |
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| is the intensive study of one individual person, group, or society. Within case studies, experimental control is often not invoked and the study is typically not systematic in nature |
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| a characteristic or variable that prevents or reduces the likelihood of a deleterious outcome |
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| defining a concept on the basis of the specific procedures and methods (“operations”) to be used in the investigation |
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| A variable that influences the direction or magnitude of the relation between an intervention and outcome |
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| refer to the fact that change in the dependent measures may reach an upper or lower limit, respectively, and that further change cannot be demonstrated because of the limit |
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| grouping subjects together on the basis of their similarity on a particular characteristic or set of characteristics |
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| a procedure to rule out or assess factors that may arise as a function of implementing a particular intervention |
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| used to "compare the treatment of interest with the routine or standard treatment that is usually provided at a clinic" |
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| Parametric Intervention Strategy |
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| a strategy used in intervention studies which alters specific aspects of the treatment to determine how to maximize therapeutic change |
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| measured as the rate of people predicted to show outcome and do |
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| Accelerated Multi-Cohort Longitudinal Design |
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| a prospective, longitudinal study in which multiple groups are studied in a special way, a key feature is multiple cohort that vary in age at the time of enrollment |
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| often used to refer to subjects who are from the community and recruited because they do not meet the criteria for the dysfunction or disorder that is the main focus of the study |
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| A view that holds that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political change agenda to confront social oppression at whatever level it occurs |
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| a design of inquiry from the humanities in which the researcher studies the lives of individuals and asks one or more individuals to provide stories about their lives |
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| design of inquiry coming from anthropology and sociology in which the researcher studies the shared patterns of behaviors, languages, and actions of an intact cultural group in a natural setting over a prolonged period of time |
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| a family of experimental arrangements in which observations of performance are made over time for a given client (or group of clients). The basic design variation consists of the baseline condition (A phase) when no intervention is in effect and the intervention condition (B phase) |
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| refers to reaching a judgment about the reliability or consistency of intervention effects across phases of the design by examining the graphed data |
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| the speed with which change occurs once the conditions (phases) are changed |
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| the idea that you stop collecting data when gathering new data or information will no longer elicit new ideas or insights or reveal new properties |
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| researchers have another person cross-check their codes. For example, two or more coders agree on codes used for the same passages in a text to increase reliability when using qualitative methods |
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| individuals at the site (the setting of the research) who provide access to the site and allow or permit the research to be done |
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| emphasizes the investigator's responsibility to maximize the client's understanding of the investigation and refers to investigator's best effort to convey the purpose, procedures, and risks of participation and generally to meet the consent conditions |
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| Assurances that the information is confidential and will only be seen by person(s) who need to do so for the purposes of research (e.g., scoring and data analyses), procedures to assure confidentiality (e.g., removal of names from forms, storage of data). Also, caveats are included here if it is possible that sensitive information (e.g., psychiatric information, criminal activity) can be subpoenaed |
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| is a statement noting that the subject doe snot have to answer an particular question or complete a measure if he or she does not want to |
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| are the general or core ideas the author is trying to convey to his or her audience |
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| Structuring a sentence in which the subject acts, instead of being acted on |
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| Coherence in writing means that the ideas tie together and logically flow from one paragraph to another |
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| a procedure in convergent parallel mixed methods design data analysis in which qualitative codes or themes are changed into quantitative variables, after which both quantitative databases are subsequently combined or merged |
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| Transformative Mixed Methods |
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| Incorporation of elements of the convergent, explanatory sequential, or exploratory sequential approaches within a social justice framework to help a marginalized group |
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