Term
|
Definition
| The relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elict a response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of systematic, informed hunches about the way things work. |
|
|
Term
| Explain an objective approach. Be sure you describe the different approaches to ways of knowing, human nature, values, and the purpose of the theory. |
|
Definition
The assumption that truth is singular and is accessible through unbiased sensory observation; committed to uncovering cause-and-effect relationships.
- Human nature
- determinism
- behavior is dertmined by heredity and enviornment
- behavior is response to a prior stimulus.
- Values
- objectivity
- objectivity is highest value system
- personal values should not distort research
- Purpose of theory
- Universal laws
- seek universal laws
- test theories
- see prediction
|
|
|
Term
| Explain an interpretive approach. Be sure you describe the different approaches to ways of knowing, human nature, values, and the purpose of the theory. |
|
Definition
The linguistic work of assigning meaning or value to communicative texts; assumes that multiple meanings or truths are possible.
- Human Nature
- Free will
- Behavior is voluntary
- Individuals make conscious choices
- Choices involve values.
- Values
- Emancipation
- Knowledge is never
- neutral
- personal values can be embrased
- Expand the range of choices for individuals
- Purpose of the Theory
- Guide for interpretation
- seek interpretation of individual causes and texts
- Explore multiple meanings
- Strive for meaning
|
|
|
Term
| Explain quantitative research and its relationship to objective/interpretive approaches. |
|
Definition
Goes along with objective apporaches.
Two things this thing does: Experiments and Surveys. |
|
|
Term
| Explain qualitative research and its relationship to objective/interpretive approaches. |
|
Definition
Goes with interpretive approach.
Three things that go with this: Texts (rhetoricians), Interviews, and ethnography. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the origin, nature, method, and limits of knowledge. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the standards for evaluating objective and interpretive theories. |
|
Definition
a. Objective
i. Explanation of data
ii. Predicting the future
iii. Relative simplicity
iv. Testable hypothesis
v. Practical utility
vi. Quantitative methods (#)
b. Interpretive
i. Understanding people
ii. Clarifying values
iii. Aesthetic appeal
iv. Community of agreement
v. Reform of society
vi. Qualitative methods (words) |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe the 7 traditions within the field of communication theory. |
|
Definition
a. Cybernetic tradition
i. Communication as a system of information processing
ii. Cybernetics: the study of information processing, feedback, and control in communication systems.
b. Rhetorical tradition
i. Communication as artful public address
ii. Rhetoric: the art of using all available means of persuasion, focusing upon lines of argument, organization of ideas, language use, and delivery in public speaking.
c. Semiotic tradition
i. Communication as the process of sharing meaning through signs
ii. Semiotics: the study of verbal and nonverbal signs that can stand for something else, and how their interpretation impacts society.
d. Socio-cultural tradition
i. Communication as the creation and enactment of social reality
ii. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity: the claim that the structure of a language shapes what people think and do; the social construction of reality.
e. Critical tradition
i. Communication as a reflective challenge of unjust disclosure
ii. Culture industries: entertainment businesses that reproduce the dominant ideology of a culture and distract people from recognizing unjust distribution of power within society; e.g., film, TV, music, and advertising.
f. Phenomenological tradition
i. Communication as the experience of self and others through dialogue
ii. Phenomenology: intentional analysis of everyday experience from the standpoint of the person who is living it; explores the possibility of understanding the experience of self and others. |
|
|
Term
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
Define Symbolic Interaction Theory. Be able to explain the theory and apply it to an example. |
|
Definition
| Social interaction isn’t just talk; term refers to the language and gestures a person uses in anticipation of the way others will respond. The verbal and nonverbal responses that a listener then provides are likewise crafted in expectation of how the original speaker will react. The continuing process is like the game of charades described in the introduction to this section; it’s a full-fledged conversation |
|
|
Term
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
Define Look-Glass Self, I, Me, Generalized Other, Minding, Meaning, Thought, & Language. |
|
Definition
a. Symbolic interaction: the ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react; a conversation
b. Looking-glass self: the mental self-image that results from taking the role of the other; the objective self; me
c. I: the subjective self; the spontaneous driving force that fosters all that is novel, unpredictable, and unorganized in the self
d. Me: the objective self; the image of self - seen when one takes the role of the other
e. Generalized other: the composite mental image a person has of his or her self -based on societal expectations and responses.
f. Minding: an inner dialogue used to test alternatives, rehearse actions and anticipate reactions before responding; self talk
g. Meaning: central idea of SI, act based on assigned meaning, meaning create our social reality
h. Thought: the process of taking the rule of other; an individual’s interpretation of symbols is modified by his or her own thought processes
i. Language: the source of meaning; the extent of knowing is dependent on the extent of naming; in language you have the ability to name things |
|
|
Term
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
What does it mean to take the role of the other? |
|
Definition
| The process of mentally imagining that you are someone else who is viewing you. |
|
|
Term
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
Is this theory objective or interpretive? What tradition does it come from? |
|
Definition
Interpretive, socio-cultural tradition |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define Coordinated Management of meaning. Be able to explain the theory and apply it to an example. |
|
Definition
| Starts with an assertion that persons-in-conversation co-construct their own social realities and are simultaneously shaped by the worlds they create. Every story has an afterlife. |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Strange Loop. |
|
Definition
| An unwanted repetitive communication pattern |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Hierarchy of meaning. Know the elements. |
|
Definition
a rank order of the relative significance of contexts
i.Speech act: any verbal or nonverbal message as part of an interaction (threats, compliments, promises, unsults)
ii.Episode: “nounable” (namable) sequence of speech acts with a beginning and end, that are held together by a story
iii.Relationships: emerges out of coordinated actions and managed meetings
iv.Identity: crafted through communication AND a context for managing meaning.
v.Culture: webs of shared meaning and values
|
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Coordination. |
|
Definition
| Acting together in such a way as to bring about the things we want and avoid the things we don’t want |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Dialogic Communication. |
|
Definition
| Conversation in which people speak in a manner that makes other want to listen, and listen in a way that makes other want to speak |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Episode. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Reflexitivity. |
|
Definition
| The process by which the effects of our words and actions on others bounce back and affect us |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Speech Act. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Cosmopolitan Communication. |
|
Definition
| Coordination with others who have different backgrounds, values, and beliefs, without trying to change them |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Define: Coherence |
|
Definition
| Stories told are internally consistent and/or consistent with one another |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
To what contexts has CMM been applied? |
|
Definition
Therapists, mediators, social workers, consultants, and teachers finds these concepts helpful as the assist others. |
|
|
Term
COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF MEANING
Is this theory objective or interpretive? What traditions does it come from? |
|
Definition
Interpretive, social-cultural/phenomenological tradition |
|
|
Term
EXPECTANCY VIOLATION THEORY
Be able to explain the theory and apply it to an example. |
|
Definition
| Claimed that the size and shape of our personal space depend on our cultural norms and individual preferences, but our space always reflects a compromise between the conflicting approach-avoidance needs that we as humans have for affiliation and privacy. |
|
|
Term
EXPECTANCY VIOLATION THEORY
Define: Proxemics, Expectancy, Violation Valence, Communicator Reward Valance, Violation importance, violation expectedness. |
|
Definition
a.Proxemics: the study of people’s se of space as a special elaboration of culture
i.Intimate distance: 0-18 inches
ii.Personal distance: 18 inches-4 feet
iii.Social distance: 4-10 feet
iv.Public distance: 10 feet-infinity
b.Expectancy: what people predict will happen, rather than what they desire
c.Violation valence: the perceived positive and negative value assigned to a breach of expectations regardless of who the violator is.
d.Communicator reward valence: the sum of positive and negative attributes brought to the encounter plus the potential to reward or punish in the future.
e.Violation importance:
f.Violation expectedness:
|
|
|
Term
EXPECTANCY VIOLATION THEORY
According to research, what is the violation importance, and violation expectedness of sexual resistance for friends and dating partners? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
EXPECTANCY VIOLATION THEORY
Is this theory objective or interpretive? What tradition does it come from? |
|
Definition
Objective, socio-psychological tradition
|
|
|
Term
RELATIONAL DIALECTICS
Be able to explain relational dialectics theory and be able to apply it to an example. |
|
Definition
| Highlights the tension, struggle, and general messiness of close personal ties. The best way to grasp relationship dialectics is to look at a narrative in which competing discourses are etched in bold relief. |
|
|
Term
RELATIONAL DIALECTICS
Define: Relational Dialectics, Internal/external Dialectics, Dialogue, Constitutive dialogue, Utterance chains, Dialectal flux, Aesthetic moment, Critical sensibility. |
|
Definition
a.Relational dialectics: a dynamic knot of contradictions in personal relationships; an unceasing interplay between contrary or opposing tendencies.
b.Internal dialectics: ongoing tensions played out within a relationship
c.External dialectics: ongoing tensions between a couple and their community
d.Dialogue: communication that is constitutive, always in flux, capable of achieving aesthetic moments
e.Constitutive dialogue: communication that created, sustains, and alters relationships and the social world; social construction
f.Utterance chains: the central building blocks of meaning making, where utterances are linked to competing discourses already heard as well as those yet to be spoken
g.Dialectical flux: the unpredictable, unfinalizable, indeterminate nature of personal relationships
h.Aesthetic moment: a fleeting sense of unity through a profound respect for disparate voices in dialogue
i.Critical sensibility: an obligation to critique dominant voices, especially those that suppress opposing viewpoints; a responsibility to advocate for those who are muted
|
|
|
Term
RELATIONAL DIALECTICS
Explain and be able to provide examples of integration/separation, stability/change, and expression/non-expression. |
|
Definition
a.Intergration-seperation: a class of relational dialectics that includes connection-autonomy, inclusion-seclusion, and intimacy-independence.
b.Stability-change: a class of relational dialectics that included certainty-uncertainty, conventionally-uniqueness, predictability-surprise, and routine-novelty.
c.Expression-nonexpression: a class of relational dialectics that includes openness-closedness, revelation-concealment, candor-secrecy, and transparency-privacy. |
|
|
Term
RELATIONAL DIALECTICS
Explain how we use spiraling inversion and segmentation to manage dialectics. |
|
Definition
Spiraling inversion: switching back and forth between two contrasting voices, responding first to one pull, then the other.
Segmentation: a compartmentalizing tactic by which partners isolate different aspects of their relationship.
|
|
|
Term
RELATIONAL DIALECTICS
Is this theory objective or interpretive? What tradition does it come from? |
|
Definition
| Interpretive, phenomenological tradition |
|
|
