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TEST 1 (Intro CRJU) - CH 1 & 2
N/A
96
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 3
02/08/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
CRIME
Definition
Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Term
FOR SOMETHING TO BE A CRIME...
Definition
There must be INTENT!
Term
2 Categories of Crime
Definition
1.) Mala In Se
2.) Mala Prohibita
Term
What is the difference between Mala in Se and Mala Prohibita?
Definition
Mala in Se - Acts that are wrong in themselves. (Murder, Rape...)

Mala Prohibita - Acts that are considered wrong only because there is a law against it. (Speeding, Drugs...)
Term
What caused an increase in crime from 1850 - 1890?
Definition
A dramatic increase in crime due to the social upheaval of large scale immigration.
Term
What caused an increase in crime during the 60's - 70's?
Definition
The Civil Rights movement. By the 1980's, the CRM had affected all areas of social life from education and employment to the activities of the criminal justice system.
Term
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
Definition
the rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US Constitution.
Term
An increase in the emphasis of INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS caused...
Definition
a dramatic increase in reported criminal activity.
Term
Cocaine & Crack
Definition
caused an EXPLOSION of crime.
Term
What TV show took advantage of the drug epidemic?
Definition
Miami Vice
Term
2 examples of why Police were criticized in the early 90's?
Definition
1992 - Videotaped beating of Rodney King.
1993 - FBI Raid in Waco, TX. David Koresh and 71 followers burned to death.
Term
How did the public view crime in the 1990's and 2 examples?
Definition
Out of control and strict measures were needed to combat it.

1.) 1995 - OK City Building Bombing
2.) 1999 - Columbine HS Shooting
Term
What was the public's perception of criminals? (Grab Violent Criminals by the Throat)
Definition
Criminals went unpunished and people became fearful of their own victimization lead to a new emphasis of individuals accountability.
Term
Who created "Grab Violent Criminals by the Throat" view point and popularized it?
Definition
TX Senator Phil Graham
Term
Who or what colors our perception of CRIME?
Definition
The media
Term
What is the Patriot Act?
Definition
Due to 9/11/01 - took away a lot of individual rights for the well being of the people. Whatever it takes to make us safe is what we're willing to do.
Term
What is society's perception of criminals TODAY?
Definition
See criminal as a dangerous social predator who usurps the rights and privledges of law abiding citizens.
Term
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ADVOCATE
Definition
One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice. EX: A lawyer.
Term
Advocate Groups
Definition
ACLU: American Civil Liberties Union
NAACP: National Alliance of the Advancement of Colored People
AI: Amnesty International
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Term
PUBLIC ORDER ADVOCATE
Definition
One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interest of society should take precedence over individual rights.
Term
SOCIAL JUSTICE
Definition
A concept that embraces all aspects of civilized life.
Term
Justice is...
Definition
RELATIVE! Depends who's looking at it!
Term
CIVIL JUSTICE
Definition
Concerns itself with fairness in relationships between citizens, gov and businesses in private matters such as those involving contractual obligations, business dealings, hiring and equality of treatment.
Term
Criminal justice concerns...
Definition
VIOLATIONS OF THE LAW.
Term
Three components of the Criminal Justice System
Definition
1.POLICE
2.COURTS
3.CORRECTIONS
Term
3 Branches of Gov't
Definition
1.LEGISLATIVE (make)
2.EXECUTIVE (enforce)
3.JUDICIAL (judge)
Term
CONSENSUS MODEL
Definition
Assumes that each of the component parts of the criminal justice system strives toawrds a common goal and that the movement of cases and people through the system is smooth due to cooperation between the various components of the system.
Term
CONFLICT MODEL
Definition
the goals of the ind agencies often conflict and pressures for success, promotion, pay increases and general accountability fragment the efforts of the system as a whole.
Term
THE PROCESS TO JUSTICE
Definition
1.INVESTIGATION AND ARREST
2.BOOKING
3.FIRST APPEARANCE
4.PRELIMINARY HEARING
5.INFORMATION OF INDICTMENT
6.ARRAINMENT
7.ADJUCATION
8.SENTENCING
9.CORRECTIONS
Term
ARREST WARRANT
Definition
A writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act (arrest) and affording the officer protection from damages if he/she performs it.
Term
AFFIDAVIT
Definition
A written document of facts that is sworn to by a law enforcement officer, and signed by a judicial officer to get a warrant.
Term
What constitutes an arrest?
Definition
When their freedom to leave is taken away.
Term
When do you receive your Miranda rights/warning?
Definition
Only when you are being questioned about the crime you allegedly committed
Term
What are the 3 types of fingerprints?
Definition
Swirl, loop and arch
Term
FIRST APPEARANCE
Definition
Within hours of arrest, suspects must be brought before a magistrate for an initial appearance. The judge will tell the defendant of the charges against them, will then again advise them of their rights.
Term
How quickly does one have their FIRST APPEARANCE?
Definition
If arrested W/O a warrant - 48 hrs
If arrested W/ warrant - 72 hrs
Term
BAIL
Definition
the money or property pledged to the court of actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody.
Term
When is a defendant not considered for bail?
Definition
Defendant is
1.)being considered for death penalty
2.)danger to the community
3.)flight risk
Term
What is decided at a preliminary hearing?
Definition
1.)Whether a crime was committed
2.)Whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the court
3.)Whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime
Term
What is a preliminary hearing also known as?
Definition
Probable Cause Hearing
Term
When can someone seek a plea bargain?
Definition
After/during the preliminary hearing.
Term
INFORMATION
Definition
a formal written accusation that is filed on the basis of the outcome of the prelimiary hearing by the DA
Term
INDICTMENT
Definition
a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging the specified person has committed a specialized offense.
Term
GRAND JURY
Definition
A group of citizens who have been selected according to the law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial, to investigate criminal activity or to investigate the conduct of a public agency or an official.
Term
How many Grand Jury members in GA?
Definition
23
Term
Exparte & Secretive
Definition
One-sided & No one knows where they're meeting
Term
Indictment occurs when...
Definition
A grand jury returns a TRUE BILL.
Term
A no bill means...
Definition
the defendant was not indicted.
Term
A Grand Jury can ask questions of who?
Definition
The witness.
Term
ARRAIGNMENT
Definition
THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF THE DEFENDANT BEFORE THE COURT THAT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT A TRIAL.
Term
What pleas can the defendant make during an arraignment?
Definition
1.)Guilty
2.)Not Guilty
3.)No Contest
Term
Why are all guilty pleas not accepted?
Definition
The judge feels that the defendant does not understand or is being pressured to supply this pleas.
Term
PROBATION
Definition
Don't have to go to prison BUT must satisfy all conditions of probation.
Term
What outcomes can come from sentencing?
Definition
1.)Prison Time (Min/Mand)
2.)Concurrent (runs together) or Consecutive (back to back)
Term
APPEAL
Definition
IF you don't like conviction or sentence, appeal it. Mostly won based on due process issues.
Term
PROBATION
Definition
Alternative to going to prison
Term
PAROLE
Definition
Let out of prison early with conditions. Granted by GA PAROLE board.
Term
DUE PROCESS
Definition
Procedural fairness
Term
5th AMMENDMANT
Definition
Self Incrimination
Term
6th AMENDMANT
Definition
Trail by Jury
Term
14th AMMENDMENT
Definition
Born in America, You are American
Term
3 Important Bill Of Rights
Definition
Right to..
1.)be assumed innocent until proven guilty.
2.)against searches and seizures
3.)against arrest w/o probable cause
Term
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Definition
concerned with issues of organizational effectiveness and violations of law.
Term
CRIMINOLOGY
Definition
Scientific study of of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of the offenders.
Term
CRIME CONTROL MODEL
Definition
the need to enforce the law and to maintain public order
Term
DUE PROCESS MODEL
Definition
the need to protect individuals from injustice, especially at the hands of the criminal justice system.
Term
UCR
Definition
Uniform Crime Reporting System
Term
NCVS
Definition
National Crime Victimization Survey
Term
DARK FIGURE OF CRIME
Definition
When crimes go unreported...
Term
GCIC
Definition
Georgia Crime Information Center
Term
NCIC
Definition
National Crime INformation Center
Term
7 Major Crimes Reported
Definition
Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery, Aggrivated Assault, Burglary, Theft
Term
NIBRS
Definition
National Incident-Based Reporting System
ELIMINATED THE HIERARCHY RULE
Term
What happened in the 1940's?
Definition
Crime decreased sharply to due to young men being shipped over seas for WWII.
Term
1960's?
Definition
Baby boom. Once their kids became of crime producing age, it rose again.
Term
60's-80's
Definition
Increased b/c of civil rights
Term
Increase in crime caused by fighting the ___________.
Definition
Government.
Term
Economic Uncertainty...
Definition
an increase jobless rate among unskilled workers and an increase in convicts back on the streets and children on the internet.
Term
CATEGORIES OF CRIME
Definition
1.)Violent - violent/personal (murder,rape)
2.)Property - burglary, motovehicle theft.
Term
Case Statuses
Definition
1.)Active 2.)Cleared by arrest 3.)exceptionally cleared (die/flee) 4.)unfound
Term
Part 1 Offenses
Definition
MURDER, RAPE, ROBBERY, BURGLARY, AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, LARCENY, MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT, ARSON.
Term
MURDER
Definition
the unlawful killing of one human by another.
Term
FORCIBLE RAPE
Definition
the carnal knowledge of a female, forcible and against her will.
Term
GA's Position on Rape
Definition
does not recognize rape of a male, does recognize spousal rape (least reported), does not include aggravated sodomy in the definition of rape.
Term
ROBBERY
Definition
a personal crime involving FACE TO FACE confrontation between victim and perp.
Term
BURGLARY
Definition
This is primarily a property crime, even though it may involve personal and violent confrontation.
Term
3 Classifications of Burglary
Definition
1.)Forcible Entry
2.)Unlawful entry where no force is used.
3.) Attempted forcible entry.
Term
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
Definition
SIMPLE - pushing/shoving
AGGRAVATED - Weapon is used or medical attention is needed.
Term
LARCENY
Definition
Simple = < 300.00
Grand = > 300.00
Term
Most frequent thefts
Definition
Theft FROM car
Shoplifting
Car parts
Bikes
Coin Operated Machines
Purse Snatching
Term
Motor vehicle theft
Definition
Most reported bc insurance requires police report (fakes are high)
Term
ARSON
Definition
intentional and unlawful burning of structures
Term
PART II OFFENSES
Definition
Social Order or Victimless Crimes
Gambling, prostitution, vandalism...
Term
NCVS
Definition
national crime victimization survery. self reports rather than police reports. census bureau asks people over age of 12 about crimes and found that crimes were more prevalent than the UCR reported them.
Term
UCR VS. NCVS
Definition
UCR
-not all people report when victimized
-certain kinds of crimes are reported rarely
-a victim's report may not be accurate.
NCVS
-personal interpretations of facts
-more reclusive people are less likely to talk
-no attempt is made to validate thoughts
-different definitions of crimes in different states
Term
Crime VS WOmen
Definition
victimized less frequently than men except for rape. women make modifications in the way they live bc of the threat of crime unlike men.
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