Trinity Church, NY 1846

Richard Upjhon

Old South Church, Boston

Cummings and Sears Architects

1873

MFA (old) Boston

Sturgis and Brigham

1874

Memorial Hall, Harvard

Ware and Van Bront

1874

English Artist and Art Critic

Wrote in englan about ills of industrialization

NOT A FAN OF INDUSTRILIZATION!

This took hold in america post civil war

Fredric Olmsted

first landscape architect

Designed Central park, Black Bay fens, 1st Subarbs (chicago)-Riverside

Got ideas from Birkhend Park

Worlds Columbian Expodition (1893)

emphisies emotion and imagination

ment to look random/casual but really thought out

Brought Architecutre to America

Paladio- plans from villas (montichello)

Renissance man, highly educated

Came back with ideas from France, england, Italy

 Shift with AMERICAN ideals

US Capital Building

5 Architects - Letrobe, Thomas W Walter,Bultrude, Washington

Finished in 1865 by walter

Symbol that north was gonna be one nation (growing) 

Dome = St pauls cathedrial (triple dome)

US Capital

Jeffersons Preposal

Dome, collinade

Mass State House-1798

Bulfinch

First to call himself architect

Federal Architecture (brick Domestic)

French and English Presidents

Take ideas of baroque

takeing classical ideals

i.e. Dome (brunelleski)

Richard Moris Hunt 

1827-1895

"Guilded age cottages"--show wealth

John A Griswald House

Designed by Riachard Morris Hunt

Newport, RI

Indiana State Capital Building

Town and Davis, 1825

Not as "gracefull"

Pediments

Thomas G. Aplleton House

Richard Morris Hunt

Newport, RI 1870

The Breakers

Richard Morris Hunt

Newport, RI 1892

Biltmore, 1895

Richard Morris Hunt-house and landscape

Ashmore, NC

Largest House in US

French Chatau

1000 Acres 

Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC, 1897

Richard Morris Hunt

Frank Furness

(1839-1912)

-Student of Richard Morris Hunt

-Didnt get along with clients

-Wanted to express iron structure without covering it

-Believed in industialization

-Search for American Architecture not just European Expression

Pennsylvania Acadamy of Arts, 1876 

Frank Furness 

indeviualistic interpritation

gothic revival ideals

Fisher Fine Arts Library, Phialdelphia, 1891

Frank Furness

"boat like"

William Watts Serman House, Newport, 1875

H.H. Richardson

H.H. Richardson 

(1836-1886)

-formal ideas becaome part of ameican search for style

-americanized and personalized

-studided at ’Ecole des Beaux Arts

-random layouts, not 'rigimented'

-Caught in delema (progress/old ideals)

-looks like hagrid

Trinity Church, Boston, 1873

H.H. Richardson

-Anti-modern movement (Boston)

-Historical Revival (Religiously Centered)

-Looks Back--Church

Stoughton House, Cambridge, 1883

H.H. Richardson

"shingle house"

H.A.C. Taylor House, Newport, 1886

McKim, Mead, White

Calonial Revival

Isaac Bell House, Newport, 1883

McKim, Mead, White

gable roof

Law House, Bristol, RI 1887

McKim, Mead, White

neoclassic establishment

Villard Houses, NYC 1882

Wealthy New Yorkers who were well traveled

Boston Public Library, Boston 1895

McKim, Mead , White

based on centrilized courtyard

show cultured people

Alberi's Palazzo Rusella (1400ish)

Renissance Influence

Old Pennsylvania Station, 1910

McKim, Mead and White

Large Thermal Windows

Central Pavillion with Pediments

World's Columbian Exposition

In Chicago, 1893

Main Building-Olmstead

Transportation Building-Louis Sullivan

Administration Building-Richard Morris Hunt

Conflict, intense intelectual, old ideas challenges, experimentation, invention

Classical ideals both redesigned and premoted

-move away from old ideals

-premote old ideas (democracy, knowledge)

-coexisting, sometimes one outways other

-started from age of enlightenment(enginerring)

Royal Guard House, Berlin 1817

Karl Friedrich Schiankel

Pediment

Large, strong columbs

Schauspielhaus, Berlin 1818

Schiankel

-germany not yet a country

Theater

greek revival

Altes Museum, Berlin 1828

Schiankel

Repetitive Columbs (large)

Old ideals on new building type (museum)

Remind of Boullee- simple yet strong (prototype)

Bank of England (1788-1833)

Sir John Soane

-huge building (whole block)

-not large opening (security)--still wanted light

-thermal windows, dome, skylights, classical nitches, no electrisity

Bank of England (interior)

Sir John Soane

What are make up the interior, classical ideals?

Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore 1805

Benjamin LatrobeLatrobe

-wanted to get away from Catholic Church

and church in general

-neoclassical

AWN Pusin (Arch) and John Ruskin(Artist)

Saw ill's in industrialization 

Believed in proper moral and religious values

**Industrialization vs Religion

I.R. Corrupted the world

House of Parlament, London 1838

AWN Pugin and Charles Barry

-gothic style

-next to westminster abby

-takes whole block (needed to make sense)

-Added to conflict of I.R. 

-I.R. was not going to stop

-refabrication , mass preduction, preassembly etc.

Crystal Palace, London 1851

Sir Joseph Paxton

-not done by Architect (budget, time, land)

-show them I.R. is not gonna stop/slow

-prefabrication, mass production, preassembly

Biblioteque Ste. Geneviere, Paris 1851

Henri Letrouste

-thin columbs, support iron structure inside

Effel Tower, Paris 1889

Gustsve Eiffel

-almost universally hated

-peice of enginerring

-iron and steel (calculated not emperical)

-ment to be easily dissasembeled (never was)

-Needed for industrialization/develpment (art)

ELEVATOR (safety)

-Fire Proofing (needed)

*Terrocotta covering of iron*

W. Watts Sherman House, Newport 1875

H. H. Richardson

-Vernacular

-Same time as Trinity Church

-Work with what learned and respond to whats gong on

Stoughton House, Cambridge 1884

H. H. Richardson

-New England Materials (eco-friendly)

Glassner House, Chicago 1885

H. H. Richardson

-Arts and Crafts interior

Ames Free Library, North Easton 1878

H. H. Richardson

-large/strong archway entry

Oakes Ames Memorial Library, North Easton 1879

H. H. Richardson

-strong, stone arches

Ames Gate Lodge, North Easton 1881

H. H. Richardson

-Rough Stone Work

-Drive through arch

Thomas Crane Memorial Library, Quincy 1882

H. H. Richardson

-Large, Stone Archway

Sever Hall, Harvard 1878

H. H. Richardson

-large stone arch entryway

Austin Hall, Harvard 1881

H. H. Richardson

-Richardson Romantic

-Strong Arched Entryway

Alleghen Country Court House, Pittsburg 1883

H. H. Richardson

-large front tower

-Large arched entryway

-Center courtyard

Marshall Feild Wholesale Store, Chicago 1886

H. H. Richardson

-one of last works

-mix of iron and stone (exterior)

-coming around to industrialization

Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

John Augustus Roebins

-stone towers (medevil imagination)

-mix of wires/suspension bridge

Chicago Fire = New City

The Chicago School 1885

Wm. LeBaron Jenney

-"First" Skyscraper

-Metal structure, iron and steel

-fire proofing

-Elevator

The Rookery, Chicago 1886

Burnham and Root

-Richardsonian Romanesque

The Monadnock Block 1884-1891

Burnham and Root

-New building  >6 stories 

-people didnt wanna walk up (elevator)

-stone exterior

-just to make $, not to look pretty

The Reliance Building, Chicago 1894

Burnham and Company

-iron starting to be expressed exertiorly

-vertical emphisis

Chicago Stock Exchange, Chicago 1894

Adler and Sullivan

-Sullivan went to Chicago becasue "anything goes"

-vertical emphisis

Wainwright Building, St. Louis 1891

Sullivan

-Metal Skeleton

-Buildings now had steel structure

-vertical emphisis

Auditorium Building, Chicago 1886

Adler and Sullivan

-looking at European Ideals

-Mix of design ideas (all architects)

-Many Different Functions Needed

(office, preformence, mechanical)

Louis Sullivan

(1856 -1924)

-Influenced by Richardsons Wholesale Building

-Struggled with what he saw (rejection, didnt know)

-What should a tall building be?

-"Direct and Honest Expression"

**Express Verticallity**

->Top = Mechanical

->Middle = Office

->lower = Commercal

Guaranty Building, Buffalo 1894

Louis Sullivan

-Vertical Emphisis

-Horizontal emphisis only on lower levels

-created levels (3)--not main focus

Frank Lloyd Wright

(1867-1959)

-Worked for Adler and Sullivan (apprentis)

-Struggled in early life to find place

-Tried enginerring NO

-Sullivan didnt like him working on own projects

Charnley House, Chicago 1891

Adler and Sullivan/Frank Lloyd Wright?

-both claim credit

-horizontal emphisis (Lloyd)

Wright Home and Studio, Oak Park IL 1889

-strong expression of gable roof 

Richardson Inspired

-low house

-Serlion windows

-Shingle Sidding and Roof

Winslow House, Oak Park IL 1893

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Car port (wealthy cliants)

-Front door like Charnley House (Sullivan)

-Roof overhang (eve) = shade upper level

-like palazzo medici--EVE

-organized with fireplace

Ward Willits House, Highland Park IL 1901

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Central Chimney

-Open floor space

-'Spill' onto site

-Horizontal Emphisis

-DeepEve

**Prarrie House Ideals**

Heurtley House, Oak Park IL 1902

Frank Llyod Wright

-Low, wide chimney

-Low roof line

-Deep Eve

-Roman Brick (thin & wide) = horizontal emphisis

-Deep Rusticated Arch

-1901 designs for elegant, inexpensive, suburban homes in Ladies Home Journal

-Central Chimneys

-Arms of plan radiate into landscape

-Carports (middle-class)

Prairie House

Preposal by Frank Lloyd Wright - 1901

Robie House, Chicago 1910

-looks like Berlin Peck Library

-In middle of city, NOT prairie

-Deep overhanging eves = cantalevers (welded steel)

-Bands of windows

-Raised above street level

Unity Temple, Oak Park 1908

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Horizontal emphisis

-Busy street

-"Hide" interiors = skylights

-Concrete Building

Larking Building, Buffalo 1902

Frank Llyod Wright

-For middle class jobs-nice enviorment 

-More vertical emphisis

-Skylights

-People work in natural light

Taliesen House, Spring Green WI 1911

Frank Lloyd Wright

-"Hobbit" house

- Landscaping encorperated

-one side on top of hill (overlooking)

Imperial Hotel, Tokyo 1912

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Horizontally 

-Repetitive windows

-Earth quake 'proof'

Hollyhock House, LA, CA 1916

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Concrete (pattern in it)

-Not a praire house

-Responds to enviorment ->forced inward

Usonian House, Okemos MI 1939

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Build after WWI almost WWII

-Small home = middle class

-Easy to get materials

-Own contractor/Become one

-Central floor plan (chimney)

Falling Water/Edgar Kaufman Residence

Bear Run, PA 1938

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Horizontal emphisis

-Responds to landscape

-Built into waterfall/stream

-Open floor plan (inside; inside->outside)

Taliesen West, Scottsdale AZ 1938

Frank Lloyd Wright

Johnson Wax Building, WN 1939

Frank Lloyd Wright

-Buisness Place

-Descent work enviorment

-No obvious orderment

Guggenheim Museum, NYC 1959

 Frank Lloyd Wright

-Inegration Functions, form, space

-Weird