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Test 1: Definitions
OU CHEM 3005
54
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
08/25/2012

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Term
Accuracy
Definition
agreement between measured and true or accepted values
Term
Precision
Definition
reproducibility between replicate measurements
Term
Determinate Error
Definition
Error that can be avoided or corrected
Term
Indeterminate Error
Definition
Truly random error; inherent uncertainty in measurements.
Term
weight
Definition
attraction of earth
Term
mass
Definition
for required for acceleration
Term
Molarity
Definition
1 mole in 1 liter solution
Term
density
Definition
specific gravity, grams/mL
Term
Formality
Definition
contains 1 formula weight in 1 liter solution
Term
wt%
Definition
weight/wt of vol*100
Term
vol%
Definition
Vol/Vtot*100
Term
wt-vol %
Definition
wt/vol soln *100
Term
milligram %
Definition
mg/100mL
Term
Equivalent
Definition
amount needed to react with 1 mole of reactant
Term
Normality
Definition
1 Eq/liter
Term
Sig figs
Definition
# of digits required to express a result consistent with given or measured precision
Term
Exp prop error
Definition
sy/y=z(sa/a)
mult ratio by exponent, mult by answer
Term
Log prop error
Definition
sy=.434(sa/a)
Term
antilog prop error
Definition
sy/y=sa/.434
divide by .434 the mult by answer
Term
confidence interval of the mean
Definition
a range with a certainty of containing the true value

u=x+-tSx=x+-ts/sqrt(n)
Term
F-test
Definition
comp 2 data sets
Fcalc=s2^2/s1^2
Fcalc>1 big always on top
Term
t-test
Definition
|x1-x2|/sqrt(Sx1+Sx2)=tcalc
Term
Qtest
Definition
toss out data
|x-xnear|/|xhi-xlo|=Q
Term
average deviation
Definition
|sumation xi-x|/n
Term
relative deviation
%
ppt
Definition
relative to mean for specific point
|xi-x|/x
Term
relative average deviation
%
ppt
Definition
avg dev/x*100
Term
Relative std dev
%
ppt
Definition
s/x*100
Term
coeff of variation
Definition
same as rel std dev in %
s/x*100
Term
Std error of mean
Definition
Sx=s/sqrtn

always < s
Term
avg error
Definition
error referenced to true value
summ xi-xtrue/n
Term
rel error
%
ppt
Definition
xi-xtrue/n
Term
rel avg error
%
ppt
Definition
avg error rel to true val
avg err/xtrue*100
Term
Le chatelier
Definition
effects for concentration pressure and temperature change in equillibrium
Term
charge balance
Definition
total charge of soln must be neutral. include H and OH
Term
Mass Balance
Definition
For particular type of species, the sum of the added amounts must be equal to the sum of all the possible forms in solution
Term
complexation
Definition
solubility begins to increase after a certain concentration due to formation of complexes.
Term
Activity
Definition
A=y[C]
concentrations are really the Activity
Term
decrease effective charge (effect on A)
Definition
decrease
Term
DHLL
Definition
log y=-.5085zi^2sqrt(u)
Term
Ionic strength
Definition
u=1/2(summCizi^2)
Term
Ion strength effects
# ions increase
Definition
strength increase
Term
EDH
Definition
DHLL/1+(a*sqrt(u)/305)
a is effective hydrated ion radius
a=900 for H
Term
colloidal
Definition
tyndall efect - light scattering
small particles<100nm
Term
Crystalline
Definition
inch diameters
desirable for analysis
Term
precipitate mech
Definition
Nucleation followed by particle growth
in a super saturated solution
Term
nucleation
Definition
small aggregates form
Term
particle growth
Definition
additional molecules deposit on growth nucleus
Term
supersaturation
Definition
sol'n contains more solute than would be present at EQ =>precipitate
Term
ss and qss
Definition
Q-S

Q-S/S
Term
precipitate rate
Definition
depends on SS
rate-k(Q-S)^x
k and x constants
Term
particle growth rate
Definition
depends on ss and nucleus surface area
rate=k'A(Q-S)
Term
rate chart
Definition
part
rate| / )
| / )
|/--/nuc
---------
RSS
Term
coprecipitation
Definition
when a normally soluble substance precipitates out due to adsorption or occlusion
Term
postprecipitation
Definition
contamination by other insolubles
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