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North-South position in an Earth coordinate system is determined by
A. latitude
B. longitude
C. long tides
D. vertical distance |
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The circumference of the Earth is about
A. 4,000 km
B. 40,000 km
C. 400,000 km
D. 4,000,000 km |
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| The highest topographic point above sea level on Earth is at |
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| Scientist have determined the Earth's age to be about |
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| The three major global geosystems are |
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Definition
| climate system, geodynamo system, and plate tectonic system |
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| The Earth's climate system system involves interactions between the atmosphere and the |
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Definition
| polar ice caps, glaciers and other surface ice/snow |
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| In which of the following subsystems is the Earth's magnetic field generated? |
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| What powers the Earth's external heat engine? |
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| The Earth's core is made up primarily of |
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| The Earth's major layers include (from outermost to innermost) |
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Definition
| crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
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Term
| Who proposed the theory of continental drift? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of plate boundary is parallel to the direction of plate movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the plates of plate tectonics made up of? |
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Definition
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| Magnetic orientation in rocks that is opposite to the current orientation of Earth's magnetic field is called _______ magentic polarity |
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Definition
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Term
| How old are the oldest rock on the seafloor crust? |
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Definition
| about 200 million yrs old |
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| Where two plates meet and one plate subducts, they form a ________ boundary. |
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| The entire mantle-lithosphere system circulates in great _____ cells. |
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Term
| The Mohorovicic (Moho) dicontinuity coincides with the _________ boundary. |
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Term
| According to the principle of uniformitarianism |
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Definition
| Geologic processes we observe today have operated in the past. |
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Term
| New oceanic crust is created |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following describes a crystal? |
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Definition
| a substance whose atoms are arranged in a regular, orderly, periodically repeated pattern |
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| What is the name for atoms of the same element that have different numbers of |
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Definition
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| Which of the following subatomic particles has a negative charge? |
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| What is the hardest mineral? |
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Definition
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| What type of mineral is calcite? |
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Definition
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| Most common rock-forming minerals are ______. |
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| Which of the following substances is not considered a mineral? |
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Term
| The shape in which individual minerals or an aggregate of minerals grow is called _______. |
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Definition
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| The mineral property "cleavage" refers to _______. |
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Definition
| the splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces |
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Term
| Extrusive igneous rocks form when |
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Definition
| magma erupts and solidifies on the Earth's surface |
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Definition
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| Rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock are called |
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Definition
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| molten rock below the surface |
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Term
| Fluid-induced melting generates magmas in which of the following tectonic settings? |
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Definition
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| The main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks is__________ |
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Definition
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| If a rising magma undergoes fractional crystallization at seafloor spreading centers, the remaining magma will be |
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Term
| The presence of water will ________ the melting temperature of a rock. |
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Term
Large igneous bodies that form at depth in the
Earth's crust are called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Three main types of sediment are: |
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Definition
| siliciclastic, biological, chemical |
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Term
| In which environment is an example of a shoreline environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abrasion of sediment particles results in what way? |
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Definition
| They become smaller and more rounded |
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Term
| Buried sediments are influenced by _________. |
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Sedimentary environments are formed by a process called ______. |
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Which of the following lists is written in order of decreasing particle size?
A.)conglomerate, sandstone, shale
B.)sandstone, shale, conglomerate
C.)sandstone, conglomerate, shale
D.)shale, sandstone, conglomerate |
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Definition
| conglomerate, sandstone, shale |
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| You found a grain 1mm size on a beach. Which type of sediment is it? |
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Definition
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| What is the term for the process by which organisms burrow through muds and disrupt the sedimentary bedding? |
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Definition
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| What type of sediments/rocks are produced by weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors influence weathering? |
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Definition
| temperature, rain, plants |
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Term
| Main stages of the evolution of coral reef is |
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Definition
| volcano, fringing reef, lagoon |
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Term
Which of the following is not a sedimentary structure?
A.)bioturbation
B.)cross-bedding
C.)hydothermal vents
D.)ripples |
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