Term
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Definition
| highly contatious resp infection, enters through mucus membranes of ear, nose, or mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| 5%-20% of US population gets it; over (_) is hospitalzied with flu; and about (_) die |
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Term
| one billion; 3-5 million, 500,000 |
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Definition
| worldwide cases of flu (-); (_) of severe illness; (-) die from flu |
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Term
| pneumonia and from exacerbations of cardipulmonary conditions and other chronic diseases |
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Definition
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Definition
| respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. |
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Definition
| commonly used to refer to Avian flu (see below). Bird flu viruses infect birds, including chickens, other poultry and wild birds such as ducks |
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Definition
| caused by influenza viruses that occur naturally among wild birds. Low pathogenic AI is common in birds and causes few problems. Highly pathogenic H5N1 is deadly to domestic fowl, can be transmitted from birds to humans, and is deadly to humans. There is virtually no human immunity and human vaccine availability is very limited. |
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Definition
| virulent human flu that causes a global outbreak, or pandemic, of serious illness. Because there is little natural immunity, the disease can spread easily from person to person. Currently, there is no pandemic flu. |
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Term
| influenza Hemagglutinin (HA) |
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Definition
found on surface of influenza
Two primary functions:
1. to identify target vertebrate cells by binding to host cells‘ receptors, and
2. allowing the entry of the viral genome into the target cells by causing the fusion of host membrane with the viral membrane. |
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Definition
| protein against which the host directs antibodies that can neutralize the virus. *** there is no cross-protective immunity mediated by antibodies from one HA subtype to another. |
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Definition
| HA subtypes found in human flu |
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Definition
| attacks proteins in the digestive system of birds |
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Definition
| enzyme that helps the virus to be released from a host cell |
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Definition
| limits the severity and spread of viral infections |
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Definition
•The current swine flu is actually a virus
that consists of ? avian, ? swine, and ? human origins. It is “NEW”! |
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Term
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Definition
| number of identified species |
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Term
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Definition
| too small to be seen clearly without a microscope |
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Term
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Definition
| prokaryotes range in size ? to ? micrometers |
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Term
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Definition
| unicellular eukaryotes range in size ? to ? micrometers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| viruses, viroids, and prions |
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Definition
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Term
| viroids, viruses and prions |
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Definition
| derived from organisms but are not organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| viruses are ? to ? micrometers and comes in many different shapes |
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Term
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Definition
| all viruses have these two parts |
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Definition
| genetic info; can be single or double stranded DNA or Rna |
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Definition
| protein coat which surrounds and protects genome |
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Definition
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Definition
| membrane (phospholipid bilayer) which surrounds the capsid |
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Definition
| genetic material of the virus reprograms the host cell to make more viruses; they are highly specific for the organism it infects |
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Definition
| simpler and smaller than viruses; fragments of single stranded RNA with no protein coat |
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Definition
| like virus, takes over the cell it infects |
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Definition
| hijack cells; plant pathogens that infect citrus, potatoes, advocadoes |
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Definition
| unusual infectious particles |
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Definition
| protein particle with no genetic material |
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Definition
| protein thats folded wrong and make other proteins fold wrong |
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Term
| bacteria and archaea domain |
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Definition
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Definition
| 1st organismsto appear on earth, 3.5 billion years ago |
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Definition
| semi rigid, permeable, composed of peptidoglycan (carb with amino acids attached) gives bacteria shape |
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Definition
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Definition
| surround the cell wall of some bacteria |
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Definition
| highly organized, firmly attached to cell wall |
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Definition
| less organized, loosely attached to cell wall |
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Definition
| another way bacteria attach them to a surface; hairlike structures on surface of bacteria |
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Definition
| about half of bacteria specis are capable of motion using.. |
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Definition
| protective resting structures, bacteria surrounded by durable cell wall. resistant to extreme conditions |
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Definition
| most reproduction in bacteria is asexual int he form of.. |
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| conjugation using plasmids |
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Definition
| some bacteria is sexual if the form of.. |
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Definition
| energy source ofprokaryotes |
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Definition
| similar with single celled, prokaryores, small size |
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Definition
| differ in their cell membrane lipids structure, cell wall compostition, rRNA subunit sequence |
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Definition
| represents unsual mix of organisms |
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Definition
| all eukorayotic, mostly single celled, |
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Definition
| protists can be organized into three groups.. |
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Definition
form a small division of fungus like protists which is characterized by filamentous bodies and mobile flagellated gametes |
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Term
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Definition
type of fungus like protists: two-part life cycle in which the cells of many “individuals” form an interactive aggregate which is almost multicellular.
Both typeshave: a mobile feeding stage
and a stationary reproductive stage with a fruiting body which produces spores. |
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Definition
| (phytoplankton and algae). Represent base of most aquatic food webs (lots of photosynthesis and O2 production) |
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Term
| dinoflaggelates (plant like protists) |
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Definition
Division Pyrrophyta\
Most are marine, 2 flagella |
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Definition
Division Chrysophyta
Freshwater or marine, glasslike ‘shells’ with holes to allow for exchange of substances |
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Term
| euglenoids (plant like protists) |
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Definition
Division Euglenophyta
-most freshwater
-1 to 3 flagella
-mostly photosynthetic
-lack cell wall
-have photoreceptor called ‘eyespot’ |
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Term
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Definition
Some species of plant-like protists (the “seaweeds” have just been moved from Kingdon Plantae to Protista. |
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Definition
| three divisions of simple plants (algae) |
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Definition
| division rhodophyta; mostly marine; used in cosmetics, ice cream |
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Definition
| division phaeophyta; marine, giant kelp forests; gas bladders used |
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Definition
| division chlorophyta; marine and freshwater; ancestor to land plants; cell wall only cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
| have unique helical chloroplasts |
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Definition
Protozoans are heterotrophic protists which actively seek and ingest their food (either food particles or other organisms)
The protozoans include three phyla: |
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Term
| one of animal like protists (protozoan) |
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Definition
| Zooflagellates/Sarcodines – Phylum Zoomastigophora |
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Term
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Definition
| one of animal like protists; – 1 flagellum, free living and symbiotic species (some parasitic) |
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Definition
| one of animal like protists; amoebae |
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Term
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Definition
| are fungal resting bodies which contain toxic alkaloids |
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Definition
| which can include crawling sensations in the skin, tingling in the fingers, vertigo, ringing in the ears, headaches, hallucination, painful muscular contractions leading to convulsions, vomiting, and diarrhea. All of these symptoms are mentioned in the records of the Salem witch trials. |
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Term
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Definition
consists of organisms which are eukaryotic and mainly multicellular. They are all heterotrophic decomposers that obtain their food by absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| feeding network of a fungus |
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Term
| mycelium structure of a fungus |
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Definition
This network may be very large but is usually underground or under the surface of a decaying organism.
The mycelium is composed of a woven mesh of hyphae |
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Term
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Definition
| threadlike filaments of a fungus |
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Term
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Definition
| building structure of the mycelium; consists of tubular cell wall containing chitin surrounding a plasm membrane and cytoplasm |
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Definition
a structural polysaccharide of modified sugars |
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Definition
| structures which partially separate the cytoplasm inside the hyphae and are found in many but not all fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid cell which cn grow directly into a hypha |
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Definition
| use absorption to obtain their food |
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Definition
| three variations depending on the food type |
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Definition
| one variation: decomposers of dead material (most fungi) |
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Definition
| second varition; fungi which grow on living organisms |
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Definition
| third variation; live interdependtly with photosynthetic organisms |
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Definition
formed of a symbiotic relationship between a fungal species and either a cyanobacteria or a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote |
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Term
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Definition
symbiotic relationships between fungi and the roots of a plant
•fungi help send the plant water, minerals and nutrients
•some of the sugars the plant produces are absorbed by the fungus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| dna sequence data, presence of septa and on the sexual life cycle |
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Definition
| four divisions of fungi are based on: |
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Term
| zygote, sac, club, imperfect |
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Definition
| four major divisions of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| named for the zygophore which has a thick cell wall; division zygomycota |
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Term
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Definition
division ascomycota; named for hte sac which contains several haploid spores;
both sexual and asexual reproduction are common
septa present
include rye ergot (LSD), Dutch elm disease, |
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Term
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Definition
Division Basidiomycota
•usually reproduce sexually, septa present |
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Definition
Division Deuteromycota
named for the apparent complete lack of sexual reproduction in the life cycle,
fungi whose sexual reproductin has not been observed |
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Definition
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Term
| NONVASCULAR PLANTS (BRYOPHYTES) |
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Definition
no vascular tissue
no true roots, stems, or leaves
stomata and cuticle only in some
semi-aquatic because require water for reproduction |
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Term
| liverworts (hepatophyta) and mosses (bryophyta) |
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Definition
| two divisions of nonvascular plants |
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