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History - Empires and Peoples
Flash cards for Test 1
101
Histology
Post-Graduate
04/10/2014

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Cards

Term
What was the most dispersed native language through out America?
Definition
Algonquian
Term
Who was in a 'race to the indes' ?
Definition
Christoopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama
Term
What was the diving line called between the Spanish and Portuguese empires ?
Definition
Treaty of Tordesillas
Term
The first European town in the new world
Definition
Santo Domingo, Hispaniola
Term
'I came here to get gold, and not to till the soil like a peasent'
Definition
Cortes - Arriving in Hispaniola
Term
Giovanni Verrazzano
Definition
Italian explorer working in France
Term
Zacatecas
Definition
Mexican silver mining region
Term
How did the spanish consolidate religion throught out the Aztec empire ?
Definition
Built churches on their religios sites
Term
Huguenot
Definition
French Protestant
Term
Samuel Champlain
Definition
French Missionary
Term
Quebec
Definition
Origion of the fur trade for the french
Term
John Cabot
Definition
Italian explorer working for England
Term
What was the trade in Newfoundland ?
Definition
Cod fisheries
Term
Fort Orange
Definition
Fur trading post
Term
Henry Hudson
Definition
Englishman working for the dutch
Term
Jean Ribault
Definition
French protestant. 
Massacred by the Spanish along with 200+ french
Term
Jean Fleury
Definition
captures three spanish treasure ships
Term
Treaty of London
Definition
'effective occupation' in the Atlantic world
Term
Samuel Champlain
Definition
French missionary salied into Port Royal
Term
French missionaries
Definition
Anti Catholic reformation to North Africa
Term
Montreal Island
Definition
Another fur trading post along with Quebec
Term
Iroquois homeland
Definition
Upper New York
Term
Iroquois Confederacy
Definition
- Seneca
- Cayuga
- Onondaga
- Oneida
- Mohawk
Term
Where were the Iroquois defeated in 1609?
Definition
Lake Champlain
Term
Jamestown exposition
Definition
Cross-cultural happiness
Term
The Mayflower's route 1620
Definition
Plymouth (GB) > Newfoundland > Plimoth (US)
Term
"We shall be as a city upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us ..."
Definition
John Winthrop
Term
Who was John Wiinthrop?
Definition
Puritan leader and the first govener
Term
Henry Hudson
Definition
Searched for the Northwest passage
Term
New Netherland
Definition
Dutch colony along the Hudson River
Term
Dutch Hudosn River traders traveled from ?
Definition
Fort Amsterdam > Fort Organge
Term
Where is Jamestown?
Definition
Virginia
Term
Where is Boston ?
Definition
Massachusetts, New England
Term
Why were there high (75%) mortility rates?
Definition
Starvation
Term
Who were Puritans?
Definition
English Christian Separatists
Term
John Smith
Definition
Author, Pocahontas
Term
"saying my books and maps were much better cheape to teach them, than my selfe"
Definition
John Smith
Term
What the trade in Virginia after the settlers arrived, in 1616 ?
Definition
Tobacco
Term
What was the Powhatan?
Definition
Virginia confederation tribes
Term
What was the 'accidental colony' 1609 ?
Definition
Bermudia - ships were blown ofcourse
Term
"Oure men were destroyed with cruel dyseases as swellings, fluxes, buring fevers and by wars and some exyted souddenlye, but for the moste part they dyeth of mere famine...."
Definition
Percy's journal c.1607
Term
"This was most Lamentable that one of our colony murdered his wofe ripped the childe out of her womb and threw it into the river and after chopped the mother in pieces and salted her for his food."
Definition
Percy - True Relation, 1624
Term
Along what was the tobacco planted ?
Definition
Rivers
Term
"For the natives, they near all dead of the smallpox, so the Lord hath cleared our title to what we possess."
Definition
John Winthrop
Term
What accounted for the greatest number of deaths in Early Massachuetts?
Definition
Small pox
Term
How did the english spread the religin in the 1660's ?
Definition
By writing the bible in Algonquian
Term
What did Roger Williams defend?
Definition
Seperating religion from goverment
Term
The cost of a passage from england to America
Definition
£5-7
Term
What was the headright system?
Definition
This was when farmers would pay for a slaves passage across the Atlantic in exchange for 50 acres of land per imported slave.
Term
Indentured servents
Definition

Servants would work for someone for so many years and  in return the master would pay for the passage. 

This was pre organised.

Term
Redemptioners
Definition
Had no contracts and no money. Hoped that someone woould pay in return for their work.
Term
The route of the redemptioners ....
Definition
German lands > Rotterdam or London > North America
Term
How many convicts took the passage from the UK to America ?
Definition
45,000 + 
Most were from England
Rest - Ireland and Scotland
Term
Transportation Act
Definition
An act for the further preventing robbery, burglary and other felonies
Term
Where was known to be the 'black majority? '
Definition
South Carolina
Term
The land seizers in Ireland
Definition
By the English .... this forced the Irish to move away to the Americas.
Term
Why was there a shift to enslaved African Labour ?
Definition
Supply and demand of labour - cost/price
Term
What were the competing exports in 1580 - 1640
Definition
Sugar and Tobacco
Term
What was the Virginia model ?
Definition
Introduction of tobacco. Slow development of plantation agriculture
Term
What was the Barbados model ?
Definition
Introduction of Sugar. Rapid development of plantation agriculture
Term
Why were the Dutch important ?
Definition

They controlled most of the Atlantic and seized places form the Portuguese. 

Dutch slave traders and trading companies 

Term
What country did the Dutch establish ?
Definition
Barbados
Term
What is Mercantilism ?
Definition
Controlling trade to the new world so that it has benefits to home
Term
Plantation Complex
Definition
Land + Labour + Capital
Term
Where did the portuguese move the sugar front in the 1500's ?
Definition
South Americas
Term
1480 - 1650 ? to do with sugar
Definition
Dutch were refinig the sugar trade.
Term
West indina trading company main interest  ?
Definition
Gold
Term
Major Sugar plantation ?
Definition
St. Kitts
Term
Where was the greatest numbers of  colonial population?
Definition
Virgina and Massachusetts
Term
The two biggest cash crop frontiers
Definition
Jamacia and Saint - Domingue
Term
The worlds largest sugar producer in 1735 ?
Definition
St. Domingue
Term
What was the use of Georgia in 1732 ?
Definition
A line of defence for Carolina
Term
The use of European Protestant settlements in the 'backcountry'
Definition

- Check French expansion

- Extend English domination 
- Secure western periphery aganist Indians 
- Limit slave runaway destinations  

Term

The name of Blackbeards flagship? 

 

Definition
Queen Annes Revenge
Term
What was William Penn (1644 - 1718) ?
Definition
Quaker
Term
What was Penns goal ?
Definition

- Create a society founded o mutal respect, tolerance and individual responsility. 

- seperate religious groups might share common interests 

Term
What was happening between 1682 - 1730's to the English and indians ?
Definition
They were living in peace and the Indian population grew
Term
The 'Great Treaty'
Definition
Argeement between the local Indians and the present government
Term
What was the 'Middle Ground' ?
Definition
A place in which peoples adjust to their differences while posistioned between cultures
Term
Jean Baptiste de Richardville  (c. 1761 - 1841)
Definition
Head chief of the Miami tribe of Indians
Term
Who were the Metis ?
Definition
The offsring of French fur traders and first nation women
Term
Paxton Boys
Definition

- originated from scot/irish decent 

- picked up the slack of the quakers 

Term
How much of the indian population were killed by whites in 1620 - 1720 ?
Definition
25%
Term
What percentage of the remaining Indians died from disease ?
Definition
80%
Term
What was the sickness that wiped out may people in New England 1620 - 1720
Definition
Smallpox
Term
' if defeated everywhere else I will make my final stand for liberty wit the Scotch-Irish of my native Virginia"
Definition
- George Washington
Term
What happened between 1754 - 1763
Definition
Seven Years War
Term
Why did the seven years war take place ?
Definition
The war began over issues on who owned what land.
Term
What happend after the war ?
Definition
The British owned a huge chunck of land
Term
What did the Treaty of Lancaster concern ?
Definition
Iroquois confederacy and colonising Virginia and Maryland. Lands west of the Allegheny mountains
Term
What is importat about the Forks of the Ohio river
Definition
The french built a fort here that was captured by the french. Fort Duquesne
Term
What happened at Great Meadows.
Definition
The battle here was a pre start to the seven years war. It was also Washingtons first loss.
Term
What year did the british begin to plan their military campaigns.
Definition
1775
Term
What did Braddick do ?
Definition

Built a military road through the wilderness

(Pennsylvania) - this would improve supply lines. 

Term
What was the proxy war?
Definition
Reinforcing colonial militia with regular European troops.
Term
How did the British seize Montreal in 1760 ?
Definition
By attacking areas around it so that they could then attack Montreal.
Term
What happened to the British Empire in 1763 ?
Definition
- Quadrupled in size 
- Gained land in Africa
- Debt doubled
- Emeny changed, they were now fighting the Indians
- Line of proclamtion
Term
What was the Line of Proclamation ?
Definition
It stopped people moving into the Indian Lands
Term
What did Jeffery Amherst do ?
Definition
He tied up 3000 french troops at Lake George, New York
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