Speech has only one modality of communication

Language can be written, gestures, tactile, speech

Use

Pragmatics

Form

Syntax

Content

Semantics

Morphology

1. acquisition rate

2. universality

3. species specific

4. semanticity

5. productivity

6. Critical period

7. only humans have language

Link Bloom & Lahey’s Venn diagram (content, form, and use) to the major domains of language.

Content/Use/Form

Semantics - Content

Pragmatics - use

Syntax/ Morphology/ Phonology - Form

autistic children have a hard time with which of these?

semantics, pragmatics, syntax

girls tend to speak sooner than boys

stuttering more in males

stroke is more sever in males

Phonology - is the study of phonemes, these make up the syllables that make up words.

            -words and affixes, speech sounds

Morphology - studies morphemes, changing a noun from book to books or work to works.

            -smallest meaningful unit of speech

 Explain the idea of a critical period for language acquisition.  Is there any evidence that a critical period may exist?

The critical period is that of the first 5 to 7 years of life. It is the window of opportunity that exists during which language develops most rapidly and with the greatest ease. If this window is missed language acquisition is not possible. Victor and Genie are two examples of the missing window of language acquisition and neither one ever mastered language.

Identify some of the academic disciplines that include study of language acquisition.

Linguistics

Psychology

Psycgolinguisitcs

Speech Language Pathology

Education

Sociology

Anthopology

strengths: able to have a very detailed description, with video diaries able to capture every words ect., learn a lot  

Weaknesses: can be biased and if it is done on their own child then there is no comparison if the child is normal or not

(Templin)

 Strengths - good normative data

 Weaknesses - a lot of time and money

Strengths - a longitudinal study, able to measure those same children over a large period of time

Weaknesses: the children were the offspring of Harvard Graduates so their frame of reference was set at a high level, took a long time

What is the difference between speech perception and auditory perception?

1.) Speech Perception refers to how the brain processes speech and language. (PROCESS SPEECH)

2.) Auditory perception is how the brain processes any type of auditory information. Example: Processing a clap of the hands or the hum of a fan is auditory perception, but processing the word coffee requires speech perception. (PROCESS SOUNDS)

 What is evidence-based practice?  Why is it important?

Having research data to support clinical treatment approaches, proof they work before they start

who came up with the ajor language development theories that is

BEHAVIORIST THEORY? 

who came up with the ajor language development theories that is

SOCIAL-INTERACTIONIST THEORY?

who came up with the Major language development theories that is COGNITIVE THEORY?

basic research is done to study if interested ex. to learn how a child acquires language

applied research is for research and testing and has to be apply it in some ways

Differentiate between domain-specific processes and domain-general processes with regard to language.

domain specific- problem solving device in the brain that can process only very specific types of information. 

domain-general processes, which carry out very general tasks as well as domain-specific modules.  

What is the zone of proximal development?

(Vygotsky 1978) The difference between a child’s actual development level, as determined by independent problem solving, and his or her level of potential development, as determined through problem solving in collaboration with a more competent adult or peer.

                        Max support         _______

                              Every day ability ________

Explain the nature vs. nurture issue as it applies to language acquisition.

Victor and Genie

Children with Williams’s syndrome are cognition impaired but these children aver very social and love to talk. Williams’s syndrome is a rare disorder that produces severe mental retardation but leaves language functions relatively intact.

Theory of the mind is that all minds do not have identical content.

Chomsky caused a revolution by saying that what speakers do is not as interesting as the mental grammar that underlies what speakers do.

-no one heard it

-no one said it

-but it follows grammatical rules

Slams skinner not S-R-Reinforcement