Term
| Which properties do we associate with living things? |
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Definition
Evolutionary Adaptations
Energy Processing
Responding to the Enviroment
Growth and Reproduction |
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Term
| Which sequence represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most to the least complex? |
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Definition
| ecosystem, community, organism, tissue, cell, organelle |
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Term
| Species in the same ________ are more closely related than species that are only in the same ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that lacked a nucleus. What classification? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most basic level of chemical organization? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does not belong to any of the six kingdoms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sapiens in Homo sapiens represents which category of classification? |
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Definition
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Term
all of the following are inorganic compounds except:
hydrochloric acid
methane
sodium chloride
sodium hydroxide
water |
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Definition
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Term
| which element is responsible for least significant portion of the mass of living organisms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| polar or nonpolar depending on the atoms involved |
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Term
| in a water molecule, because oxygen is ______ electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons are more commonly found around the _________ nucleus than the _______ nucleus. |
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Definition
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Term
| an atom becomes a cation if |
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Definition
| it loses one or more electrons |
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Term
| table salt dissolves easily in water because |
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Definition
| the partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom. |
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Term
| evaporative cooling is a process whereby ____________ moving _______ molecules vaporize, thus __________ large amounts of heat. |
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Definition
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Term
| a pH of 4 is _________ times more _____ than a pH of 7. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the OH- concentration of a solution having a pH of 12? |
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Definition
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Term
| when a small amount of hydrocholoric acid is added to a solution of Na2HPO4 the pH of the solution does not change markedly. The pH also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide is added to this same solution. Based on these observations, the compound Na2HPO4 is |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is most likely to gain an electron and become an anion?
sodium
hydrogen
carbon
chlorine
neon |
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Definition
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Term
| Valence electrons are important factors in determining the ______ __________ of an element |
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Definition
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Term
One mole of any element or compound always contains avogrado's number (6.02 x 10^23) of units.
true or false |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following is not a characteristic of water?
-it has a high surface tension
-it is polar and an excellent solvent for hydrophobic
-it is adhesive and tends to stick to other hydrophilic things
-it is cohesive and tends to stick to other water molecules
-it has relatively high specific heat as compared to other substances |
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Definition
| it is polar and an excellent solvent for hydrophobic substances |
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Term
| in an ionic bond electrons are |
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Definition
| actually donated from one atom to another |
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Term
| Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrogen bonds contribute to the following properties of water |
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Definition
| water has a high specific heat therefore it can stabilize the temperature of organisms and the enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
pH below 7
are proton donors
can be organic or inorganic compounds |
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Term
the functional group -OH is NOT:
-polar
-charged
-present in alcohols
-present in carbs
-called hydroxyl |
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Definition
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Term
| The functional group -COOH is |
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Definition
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Term
| joining of two monosaccharides by a glycosidic linkage occurs by ___ reaction. In this process, in addition to producing a _____ also one molecule of h20 is _______. |
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Definition
| condensation/disaccharide/produced |
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Term
| desert rabbits are adapted to the warm climate because their large ears aid in the removal of heat due to the : |
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Definition
| high heat of vaporization of water |
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Term
| why does ice float in liquid water? |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water |
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Term
| when sodium chloride is placed in water the componenet atoms of the naCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions and chloride ions. In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be espected to contain the greatest number of particles? |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following ionizes completely in solution and is considered to be a strong base?
NaCl
HCl
NH3
H2CO3
NaOH |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following has the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)
lemon juice at pH2
tomato juice at pH4
seawater at pH8
vinegar at pH3
urine at pH6 |
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Definition
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Term
which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a great number of different elements than any other type of atom
Carbon has 6-8 neutrons
carbon has a valence of 4
carbon forms ionic bonds |
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Definition
| carbon has a valence of 4 |
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Term
Which is true of geometric isomers?
-variations in arrangement around a double bond
-an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images
-same chemical properties
-different molecular formulas
atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences |
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Definition
| variations in arrangement around a double bond |
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Term
a compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group.
which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
it lacks an asymmetric carbon, and is probably a fat or lipid
should dissolve in water
should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent
wont form hydrogen bonds with water
is hydrophobic |
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Definition
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Term
| Polysaccharides , polynucleotides, and proteins are similar in that they: |
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Definition
| are decomposed into their subunits by the process of hydrolysis |
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Term
| humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because : |
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Definition
| cellulose digesting enzymes are absent |
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Term
| in ammonium chloride salt, the anion is a single chloride ion. What is the cation of NH4Cl? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are: |
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Definition
| nonpolar substances that repel water molecules |
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Term
| what two functional groups are always found in amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| a chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic/ which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so? |
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Definition
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Term
| consider a polysaccharide consisting of 576 glucose molecules. the total hydrolysis of the polysaccharide would result in the production of |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following are polysaccharides?
glycogen
starch
chitin |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following carbs is the most structurally complex?
-sucrose
-gructose
-cellulose
-glucose
-disaccharide |
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Definition
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Term
| the hydrolysis of a triacyclycerol will yield: |
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Definition
| three fatty acids and one glycerol |
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Term
| unsaturated fats are generally |
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Definition
| liquids at room temperature |
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Term
| an amphipathic molecule has |
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Definition
| a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion |
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Term
| the primary difference between the 20 amino acids that make up the tissues of living organisms is |
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Definition
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Term
| what is responsible for the alpha helical structure of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| at which level of protein structure are peptide bonds most important |
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Definition
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Term
which statement is false
-dna is usually composed of two nucleotide strands
-dna contains deoxyribose
-dna does not normally contain uracil
-the nucleotides of DNA are linked by phosphodiester linkages
-DNA does not normally contain a phosphate group |
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Definition
| dna does not normally contain a phosphate group |
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Term
| analysis of a certain complex compound shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. based on this info which of the following is the best description of this compound? |
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Definition
| most likely ribonucleic acid |
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Term
| polysaccharide made from 100 monosaccharides |
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Definition
is a macromolecule
has been made by condensation reactions
has been made by dehydration synthesis
has resulted in the production of 99 molecules of water |
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Term
| joining of four amino acids by peptide bonds occurs by _______ reactions. in this process, in addition to a peptide ________ molecules are also _______. |
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Definition
| condensation / 3 / produced |
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Term
| a glucose molecule is to starch as |
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Definition
| a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid |
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