Term
| Inflammation of the heart muscle in the absence of acute or chronic ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Myocarditis is rare in kids, usually cause by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Myocardium invaded by infectious mycardium --> activated t-cell mediated response --> cd4 and b-cell activation with worsening inflammation and producing antiheart antibody prouction |
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Term
| Pt c/o low urine output and fainting in myocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is myocarditis viral prodrom |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of heart sounds in myocarditis |
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Definition
| S3 or 4, pericardial friction rub, other arrhythmia's, sinus tachy |
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Term
| S/s of peripheral hypoperfusion |
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Definition
| Cold, bluish fingers/toes, poor cap refill |
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Term
| When to do ECG in myocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| Purpose of Diagnostic evaluation in myocarditis |
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Definition
| To find underlying cause: viral, bacterial, fungal, or allergic infections. Autoimmune diseases |
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Term
| Dallas criteria is used in what type of myocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| How are pts classified into the NY heart association functional classification (chronic myocarditis) |
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Definition
| 1- no limitations, 2- mild limitations, 3- limitation of activity with exertion, 4- SOB at rest |
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Term
| What do pts need to avoid or reduce with myocarditis |
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Definition
| Avoid stimulants and alcohol. Limit stress and exercise |
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Term
| Main valve affected by native valve endocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| Main cause of native valve endocarditis in those who don’t use injectable drugs |
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Definition
| Main cause of native valve endocarditis in those who don’t use injectable drugs |
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Term
| Declining disease that causes native valve endocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than heart anomalies, other causes of endocarditis |
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Definition
| Age, diabetes, injectable drugs, long-term hemodialysis, poor dental hygiene. |
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Term
| Main agent for native valve endocarditis in non injectable drug users |
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Definition
| Streptococcal species 50-80% |
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Term
| Late prosthetic valve endocarditis is caused how |
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Definition
| By transient bacteria from a dental, GI, or GU procedure without or inadequate prophylaxis abx. |
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Term
| Demographics of endocarditis caused by IV drug use |
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Definition
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Term
| Valve that is usually damaged from IV drug use |
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Definition
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Term
| Co-morbidities seen with right side endocarditis |
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Definition
| Pneumonia and septic pulmonary emboli |
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Term
| Examples of what pts get health care associated endocarditis |
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Definition
| Dialysis centers, out patient IV abx clinics, nursing homes |
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Term
| Time of onset of symptoms caused by health care associated endocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| Development of what should give you suspicion of health care associated endocarditis |
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Definition
| Regurgitation murmur or new murmur and fever of unknown origin |
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Term
| Fever may be absent in what pts with health care associated endocarditis |
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Definition
| Older pts, immunocompromised, those with CHF or ESRD, or those previously tx with abx |
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Term
| Splenomegaly is associated with? |
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Definition
| Subacute disease of health care associated endocarditis |
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Term
| Petechiae is found where in long-term infect endocarditis |
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Definition
| Conjunctivae, palate, buccal mucosa, and extremities |
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Term
| Non-tender, hemorrhagic macules on palms and soles and are result of septic embolization |
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Definition
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Term
| Painful nodules on the finger and toe pads that last hrs to days, |
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Definition
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Term
| Retinal hemorrhages with a pale center near the optic disc |
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Definition
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Term
| How to diagnose pathogen of infective endocarditis |
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Definition
| 3 different sets of blood cultures from simple vein punctures. |
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Term
| Treatment if abx therapy fails in treatment of endocarditis |
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Definition
| Surgery-valve replacement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious disease specialist, cardiac surgeon, and pathologist |
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Term
| If myocarditis is found or suspected, who treats it |
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Definition
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Term
| reason for x-ray in myocarditis |
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Definition
| To find signs of HF or cardiomegly |
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|
Term
| What will seen on ECG in myocarditis |
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Definition
| Can be normal, ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities |
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Term
| Can the pt have a normal ECG after having an abnormal ECG from myocarditis that is now resolved |
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Definition
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Term
| All myocarditis patients should avoid what? |
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Definition
| Smoking, alcohol, and caffeine |
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|
Term
| Why should NSAID’s be avoided in acute phase of myocarditis |
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Definition
| Suppression of the early immune response with NSAID’s has shown to increase viral replication and inflammation producing more cardiac injury |
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|
Term
| This form of myocarditis is more seen in young children and teenagers |
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Definition
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Term
| What OTC medication should be avoid it myocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| In myocarditis, why should the pt be assessed periodically |
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Definition
| Looking for s/s of cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Yellow or greenish discoloration of the skin, sclerae and mucous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Conditions that produce excessive bilirubin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepatic injury- infections, toxins, autoimmune disorders, and tumors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Obstructive Jaundice, complete or partial obstruction of the bile ducts |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Increase in indirect bilirubin |
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Definition
| Increase in destruction of RBC’s |
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|
Term
| Increase in direct bilirubin |
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Definition
| Usually liver dysfunction or obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Pruritus is often seen in what type of Jaundice |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Obstructive jaundice will cause what color change in stools |
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Definition
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Term
| Gynecomastia testicular atrophy splenomegaly are strongly associated with what |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemolytic disorder will see what type of hyperbilirubenemia |
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Definition
| Unconjugated or indirect hyperbilirubenemia |
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Term
| When will you see increased bilirubin without liver enzyme abnormalities |
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Definition
| Pregnancy, in sepsis, or after recent surgery |
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Term
| Liver biopsy can be indicated when in jaundice |
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Definition
| Liver enzymes fail to return to normal with in six months |
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Term
| In most cases this is the cause of hypokalemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the main cause of hyperkalemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How does vomiting cause hypokalemia |
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Definition
| Because of secondary hyperaldosteronism related to volume depletion |
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Term
| Kidneys can maintain potassium balance until GFR falls to be low what |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Flaccid paralysis beginning in the extremities and moving centrally can eventually lead to respiratory paralysis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Peaked T waves ST segment depression widening of the QRS and pr intervals and loss of the P-wave |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Calcium can treat this life-threatening symptom |
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Definition
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Term
| The quickest way to treat acute hyperkalemia that has not resulted in life-threatening sequelae |
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Definition
| IV administration of glucose and insulin |
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|
Term
| Most common management for chronic hyperkalemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common type of female genital tract cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors for endometrial cancer |
|
Definition
| Obesity nulliparity Endogenous or Exogenous estrogen excess diabetes mellitus hypertension |
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|
Term
| Which type of endometrial cancer is related to estrogen |
|
Definition
| Type I endometrial carcinoma |
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|
Term
| How does pcos cause endometrial cancer |
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Definition
| Keeps secreting estrogen and no progesterone, lining doesn't slough off |
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|
Term
| How long does hormonal contraceptives keep protecting from endometrial cancer once they are stop |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When to be suspicious of endometrial cancer |
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Definition
| Abnormal bleeding in postmenopausal women |
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|
Term
| Main risk factor for ovarian cancer |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the CA 125 Lab good to do with ovarian cancer |
|
Definition
| After the patient has already been diagnosed |
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|
Term
| What HPV infections can cause vulvar cancer |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What demographic has a high incident of vulvar cancer |
|
Definition
| Northern European ancestry |
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|
Term
| How might vulvar cancers present on a patient |
|
Definition
| As a plaque ulcer mass or as pruritus |
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|
Term
| What is the diagnostic test for vulvar cancer |
|
Definition
| Punch biopsy of the gross lesion |
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