Term
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Definition
| change in the genetic composition of a species over time, such that species alive today are the descendents of ancestral species. |
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Term
| descent with modification |
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Definition
| species evolve and change over time and derive from common ancestors |
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Term
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Definition
| charactaristics that enhance organism survival and reproduction in specific environments |
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Term
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Definition
| an evolutionary process by which individuals with certain heritable traits leave more offspring than individuals with other traits |
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Term
| key ingredients of natural selection |
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Definition
1. individuals within species vary
2. some of these variations are heritable.
3. more offspring are produced than can survive (resources are finite)
4. survival and reproduction are nonrandom (some traits help you survive and reproduce more than others.) |
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Term
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Definition
| random introduction of new alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| nonrandom fixation of alleles that confer an advantage within an ecological context. |
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Term
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Definition
| random fixation or loss of alleles in a population. |
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Term
| mechanisms of evolutionary change |
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Definition
1. natural selection
2. genetic drift. |
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Term
| important points about natural selection |
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Definition
1. natural selection does not create variants; it only preserves or eliminates variants created through genetic drift.
2. the variants that are favored by natural selection depend upon the current environment. what is adaptive in one situation may be useless or harmful in another.
3. natural selection is not a teleological process. selection does not have a "long-term goal" of favoring increasing complexity, intelligence, long-life, or ethical behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| a testable, falsifiable, explanation for a phenomenon of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| a framework of internally consistent ideas used for generating hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| a piece of information about circumstances that exists or events that have occured |
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Term
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Definition
populations of a single species become spatially separated.
over time, genetic changes cause the populations to diverge into separate species.
reproduction becomes impossible even if species are reunited. |
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Term
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Definition
specialization in the absence of geographic separation
local habitat differentiation
sexual selection
poliploidy |
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Term
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Definition
| change in number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
1. accurate replication (reproduction)
2. response to stimuli
3. metabolism
4. capable of information storage |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of masses of crust of the earth on the underlying mantle. |
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Term
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Definition
| preserved remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in the past |
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Term
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Definition
| ordered array in which fosisls appear. |
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Term
| problems with using fossils |
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Definition
slanted in favor of species that have hard shells or skeletons
long-lived or widespread organisms
only preserved in certain kinds of rocks
difficult to find |
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Term
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Definition
250 MYA
claimed 96% of marine animal species and 8/27 insects
caused by enormous volcanic disruptions |
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Term
| the cretaceous extinction |
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Definition
65 MYA
doomed many marine and terrestrial organisms, most notably the dinosaurs
caused by impact of a large meteor
known by iridium spike |
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Term
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Definition
| naming and classification of species and groups of species |
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Term
| hierarchical classification |
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Definition
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
dirty kinky people can often find great sex |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary history of a group. an evolutionary tree |
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Term
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Definition
| use of many different knids of characters to understand relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| similarities that are attributable to common ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| similarities that are attributed to convergence. |
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Term
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Definition
| similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar adaptations |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the ancestor species and all its descendents |
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Term
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Definition
single celled
small
single chromosome
no membrane-bound nucleus
no membrane enclosed organelles
cell wall --peptidoglycan
move with flagella or pili |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| reasons for prokaryotic success |
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Definition
exponential population growth
endospores (resistant stages.)
conjugation (bacterial sex) |
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Term
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Definition
no nucleus
single celled
cell walls contain peptidoglycan, allowing them to be seen with certain dyes.
most prokaryotes are bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| a carbohydrate present in bacteria that allows them to be seen with the use of certain dyes. |
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Term
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Definition
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
emerging epidemic that is indicated by puss-filled boils, skin rash.
result of overuse of antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
no nucleus
single-celled
no peptidoglycan
DNA sequences are more similar to eukaryotes than to most bacteria
can live in places most organisms cant
no known pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
methanogens
halobacteria
thermoacidophiles |
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Term
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Definition
| are anaerobic. produce methane as a waste product |
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Term
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Definition
live in extremely salty environments
some are photosynthetic |
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Term
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Definition
| grow in hot acidic environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms which get their energy from a variety of sources |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that use organic compounds for carmon and energy |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that can use light for energy and organic compounds for carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| can fix CO2 and turn it into organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| use light energy to fix carbon dioxide and turn it into organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| use chemical energy to fix CO 2 and turn it into organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms |
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Term
| 2. Unique feature of hexapods |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants. |
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Term
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Definition
| when an organism is divisible into two equal halves along a given line |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having 2 layers of tissues (most commonly exoderm and intestinal tract. |
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Term
| 16) The occurrence of dinoflagellate zooxanthellae inside coral tissue is an example of what kind of relationship? |
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Definition
symbiotic
commensalist
parasitic
endosymbiotic |
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Term
| 17. Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes |
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Definition
eukaryotes have a nucleus
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| A multicellular animal of the subkingdom Metazoa, a division of the animal kingdom in traditional two-kingdom classification systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of micro-organism metabolism to remove pollutants. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages. |
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Term
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Definition
| when several cutting planes produce equal pieces on an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. |
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Term
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Definition
| are organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the three domains of life most recently shared a common ancestor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Shared Qualities of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes |
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Definition
Unicellularity
present in the fossil record at least 2 BYA
heterotrophy
causing disease in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| A hypothesis about the origin of membrane-bound organelles |
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