Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the flat surface adjacent to the river channel that
is periodically inundated by floodwater, is, in fact, produced
by the process of flooding |
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Term
hydrologic
cycle/hydrology |
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Definition
| the study of water cycle including streams and rivers |
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Term
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Definition
Some of the water that falls on the
land as rain or snow infiltrates soils and rocks; some evaporates; and the rest drains, or runs off, following a course
determined by the local topography; This runoff finds its
way to streams, which may merge to form a larger stream or
a river. |
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Term
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Definition
| region drained by a single river or river system |
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Term
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Definition
A river’s slope is the vertical drop of the
channel over some horizontal distance. In general, the slope
is steepest at higher elevations in the drainage basin and lev-
els off as the stream approaches its base level |
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Term
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Definition
theoretical lowest level to which a river may
erode. Most often it is at sea level, although a
river may have a temporary base level such as a lake. |
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Term
| What causes increased erosions in a valley? |
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Definition
Increased erosion is due to the higher flow velocity of the
river water produced by the steeper channel slopes. likely at high elevations |
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Term
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Definition
The total quantity of sediment carried in a river, includes the bed load, the suspended load, and the
dissolved load |
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Term
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Definition
moves by the bouncing, rolling,
or skipping of particles along the bottom of the channel.
usually composed of sand and
gravel, is a relatively small component, generally accounting
for less than 10 percent of the total load. |
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Term
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Definition
composed mainly of silt and clay, is carried above the
streambed by the flowing water.
accounts for nearly 90 percent of the total load and makes
rivers look muddy. |
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Term
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Definition
is carried in chemical
solution and is derived from chemical weathering of rocks in
the drainage basin. |
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Term
| What causes sediment pollutions? |
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Definition
It
is the suspended and bed loads of streams that, when
deposited in undesirable locations, produce the sediment
pollution |
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Term
| What is the basic transportation of the rock cycle involving erosion and deposition of sediments? |
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Definition
Rivers are the basic transportation system of that part of the
rock cycle involving erosion and deposition of sediments.
They are a primary erosion agent in the sculpting of our
landscape. The velocity, or speed, of the water in a river
varies along its course, affecting both erosion and deposition
of sediment. |
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Term
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Definition
is the volume of water moving by a particular location in a river per unit time.
Q = W * D * V
Q is discharge (cubic meters per second), W is the
width of flow in meters, D is depth of flow in meters, and
V is mean velocity of flow (meters per second). |
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Term
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Definition
Q=W*D*V
Q:discharge
W:width of flow
D:depth of flow
V:velocity of flow |
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Term
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Definition
Streams that flow
from mountains onto plains may form these fan-shaped deposits |
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Term
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Definition
Rivers flowing into the
ocean or some other body of still water may deposit sediments that form this, a triangular or irregular-shaped
landmass extending into the sea or a lake |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest particle a river can transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| the total load that a river carries |
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Term
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Definition
the inside of a
curve water where the water moves more slowly and sediment is deposited |
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Term
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Definition
deep areas
produced by scour, or erosion at high flow, and characterized
at low flow by relatively deep, slow movement of water. |
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Term
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Definition
shallow areas produced by depositional
processes at high flow and characterized by relatively shal-
low, fast-moving water at low flow |
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Term
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Definition
the total
amount and distribution of precipitation in the drainage
basin, the rate at which precipitation infiltrates the rock or
soil, and the topography. |
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Term
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Definition
can be plotted on a discharge-frequency curve
by deriving the recurrence interval (R) for each flow from
the relationship
R: recurrence interval in years
N: the number of years recorded
M:the rank of the individual flow
within the recorded years |
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Term
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Definition
occur in the upper parts of
drainage basins and are generally produced by intense rainfall of short duration over a relatively small area. In general,
they may not cause flooding in the larger streams they
join downstream, although they can be quite severe locally |
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Term
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Definition
cover a wide area and are usually
produced by storms of long duration that saturate the soil
and produce increased runoff; characterized by downstream movement |
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Term
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Definition
The rate of magnatude and frequency
increase is a function of the percentage of the land that is
covered with roofs, pavement, and cement |
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Term
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Definition
defined as the time between when
most of the rainfall occurs and a flood is produced |
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Term
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Definition
½ Land use on the floodplain
½ Magnitude, or the depth and velocity of the water and
frequency of flooding
½ Rate of rise and duration of flooding
½ Season; for example, the growing season on the flood-
plain
½ Sediment load deposited
½ Effectiveness of forecasting, warning, and emergency
systems |
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Term
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Definition
ten or more people are killed; one hundred or
more people are affected; a declaration of emergency is
issued or there is a request for international assistance. If
any one of these criteria applies |
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Term
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Definition
is any situation in
which the damages to people, property, or society in general
are so severe that recovery or rehabilitation becomes a long,
involved process |
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Term
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Definition
The hydrologist’s role in flood analysis is to evaluate
stream flow records taken from sites,, where stream flow recorders have been established |
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Term
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Definition
defined as the product of the probability of that event’s
occurring multiplied by the consequences, |
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Term
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Definition
is the study of controls over the distribution and
abundance of living things. More generally, ecology is the
study of living things (organisms) and their interactions and
linkages to each other and to the nonliving environment |
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Term
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Definition
physical
and chemical processes related to the rock and hydrologic
cycles |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals capable of interbreeding |
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Term
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Definition
a group of individuals of the
same species living in the same area |
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Term
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Definition
a group of populations of different species living in the same
area with varying degrees of interaction with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| what an animal does in its habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| is the part of Earth where life exists |
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Term
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Definition
all organisms living in an area or region up to and
including the entire Earth |
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Term
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Definition
is an ecological community and its nonliving
environment in which energy flows and chemicals (such as
nutrients and water) cycle |
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Term
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Definition
the number or abundance of species in an
ecosystem or ecological community |
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Term
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Definition
The use of science in restoration
with monitoring feedback and potential to modify plans as
change occurs |
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Term
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Definition
solid earth material that has been altered by physical, chemical, and organic processes such that it can support rooted
plant life; any solid
earth material that can be removed without blasting |
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Term
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Definition
e physical and chemical breakdown of rocks and the first
step in soil development |
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Term
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Definition
| top soil layer mostly made of plant litter |
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Term
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Definition
soil layer, contains a good deal of both organic and mineral
material |
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Term
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Definition
zone of leaching, a light-colored layer that is
leached of iron-bearing components. This horizon is light
in color because it contains less organic material than the O
and A horizons and little inorganic coloring material such as
iron oxides |
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Term
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Definition
zone of accumulation, underlies the O,
A, or Ehorizon and consists of a variety of materials translo-
cated downward from overlying horizons |
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Term
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Definition
lies directly over the unaltered parent
material and consists of parent material partially altered by
weathering processes |
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Term
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Definition
or unaltered parent
material, is the consolidated bedrock that underlies the soil |
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Term
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Definition
the water content of a
soil |
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Term
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Definition
of a soil is the
water content (w) above which the soil behaves as a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
the water content below which the
soil no longer behaves as a plastic material |
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Term
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Definition
The numerical
difference between the liquid and plastic limits is the
plasticity index (PI), the range in moisture content within
which a soil behaves as a plastic material |
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Term
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Definition
universal soil loss equation
A=the long-term average annual soil loss for the
site being considered
R=the long-term rainfall runoff erosion factor
K=the soil erodibility index
L=the hillsope/length factor
S=the hillslope/gradient factor
C=the soil cover factor
P=the erosion-control practice factor. |
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