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Test 1
Chapters 1-3
110
Art/Design
Undergraduate 2
11/04/2009

Additional Art/Design Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Two-dimensional

Definition

developed on a flat plane without depth (though the surface may be somewhat built up with paint.)

Term
Three-dimensional
Definition
 has spatial depth as well as height and width.
Term
Representational
Definition

(figurative) when art attempts to represent what we see in the world around us

Term
Realism
Definition

the accurate depiction of the visible world

Term
Idealization
Definition
transforming the real world into one that approximates one’s ideas of perfection
Term
Stylization
Definition
emphasizing design rather than exact representation when working with natural forms
Term
Abstraction
Definition

extracting the essence of real objects rather than faithfully representing there surface appearance

Term
Nonobjective
Definition
(nonrepresentational) no reference at all is made to objects from the physical world.
Term
Fine arts
Definition
(drawing, painting, printmaking and sculpture) involve the production of works to be seen and experienced primarily on an aesthetic rather than a practical level
Term
Applied arts
Definition
serves some useful function (traditional basket makers, furniture makers, potter and weavers)
Term
Crafts
Definition
the making of useful objects by hand
Term
Graphic designers
Definition
create advertisements, fabrics, layouts for books and magazines, logos for corporate identification, etc
Term
Industrial designers
Definition
 shape the mass-produced objects used by high-tech societies, from cars, telephones, and computer workstations to household furniture
Term
Content
Definition
meaning, including the subject matter (what it is or represents), and the emotions, ideas, symbols, stories or spiritual connotations it suggests
Term
Sociopolitical content
Definition
created to record something in the political or social environment, to inform the public, or to preserve an event for history
Term
Power and propaganda
Definition
 creation of works that allow the person or group who paid for them to gain prestige
Term
Spiritual purposes
Definition
to inspire or education the populace or to evoke or appease deities
Term
Inner experiences
Definition
exploring one’s own interior worlds; capacity for fantasy
Term
Elements of design
Definition
the visible characteristics of matter: line, shape and form, space, texture, light and dark, color, and movement or change through time
Term
Principles of design
Definition
how a work is organized for a unified and engaging effect
Term
Formalist approach
Definition

the chief focus is on how the artist manipulate elements of design, organized them according to unifying principles, and wields particular media

Term
Expressivist
Definition

emphasis falls on the ability of the art to communicate feelings and ideas

Term
Instrumentalist
Definition
one analyzes art primarily on the basis of how it fulfills some religious, political or social purpose
Term
Calligraphy
Definition

the art of fine writing

Term
Negative
Definition
unfilled space
Term
Positive
Definition
filled space
Term
Edges
Definition

where two areas treated differently meet

Term
Contour
Definition
the outer edges of a 3D form or the 2D representation of the edge
Term
Earthworks
Definition

the large-scaled environment-altering projects in which the surface of the earth becomes the artist’s canvas

Term
Eyelines
Definition
the implied lines along which a subject’s eyes appear to be looking
Term
Descriptive line
Definition
tells us the physical nature of the object we are seeing and how it exists in space
Term
Mass
Definition
the solid content of a 3D form
Term
Volume
Definition
the solid content of a form
Term
Visual weight
Definition
the apparent heaviness of an area of design
Term
Hatching
Definition
fine, short parallel lines used in 2D arts to create the effect of shadow on 3D forms
Term
Cross-hatching
Definition
crossed parallel lines used to create the illusion of form on a 2D surface, by suggesting shadows and rounding in space
Term
Gestural
Definition
a style of painting or drawing in which the artist’s arm and hand movements are apparent in the finished piece
Term
Shape
Definition
a flat, defined area
Term
Form
Definition

the mass or volume of a 3D work or the illusion of  volume in a 2D work

Term
Reliefs
Definition
- a sculptured work in which an image is developed outward or inward from a 2D surface
Term
Low relief 
Definition
sculpture in which figures exist on almost the same plane as the background
Term
High relief
Definition
sculpture in which figures emerge 3D from a flat surface to half or more than half of their natural depth
Term
Frontal work
Definition

referring to sculpture designed to be seen only from the front

Term
Full round
Definition

referring to sculpture that exists in fully 3D space and is to be seen from all sides

Term
Walk-through works
Definition
referring to large sculptures that the viewer can move through as well as around
Term
Closed form
Definition
in sculpture, an unbroken volume with no projections or voids
Term
Open form
Definition

- in sculpture, a volume broken by projections and/or voids

Term
Static
Definition
a mass that appears inert
Term
Dynamic
Definition

a mass that appears to be in motion

Term
Overlapping
Definition
hiding of part of one figure by another, a device used to suggest depth in space
Term
Shading
Definition
the darkening of an area in a 2D work to suggest curving of a 3D form away from a light source
Term
Modeling
Definition
in 2D art, the depiction of 3D form, usually through indications of light and shadow
Term

Hard-edged

Definition

clean, sharp edges are formed where areas of different colors meet

Term
Soft-edged
Definition
in 2D work, blending of hues where they meet, so that no hard line forms a boundary between them
Term
Found objects
Definition
an object that is presented as a work of art or a part of one, but which was not originally intended as art
Term
Ground
Definition

the surface on which a 2D work is developed

Term
Figure-ground relationship
Definition

in 2D art, seeing images as having been applied over a background

Term
Figure-ground reversal
Definition
a 2D work in which it is difficult to discern which is figure and which is ground, because they are visually interchangeable
Term
Placement
Definition
in 2D art, the positioning of images on the picture plane, often used with reference to the illusion of 3D
Term
Scale change
Definition
difference in size of objects, used in paintings to suggest 3D depth in space, with the nearest ones being largest
Term
Linear perspective
Definition
the illusion of deep space in a 2D work through convergence of lines perpendicular to the picture plane toward a vanishing point in the distance
Term
One-point perspective
Definition
in linear perspective, the representation of parallel lines converging to a single point on the horizon, to create the illusion of deep space
Term
Picture plane
Definition

the flat surface of a 2D work, often conceived as a transparent window into 3D space

Term
Horizon line
Definition

the perceived line where earth and sky seem to meet, an aspect of linear perspective

Term
Two-point perspective
Definition
in linear perspective drawings, the representation of a 3D form viewed from an angle, so that the lines formed by its horizontal edges will appear to diminish to two different vanishing points on the horizon
Term
Three-point perspective
Definition
2D spatial illusions of forms receding toward 3 vanishing points
Term
Atmospheric perspective
Definition
the illusion that forms seen at great distance are lower on value contrast and less sharply defined than objects close to the viewer
Term
Aerial view
Definition
a downward perspective on an image
Term
Texture
Definition
the surface quality of a form or the illusion that it would feel a certain way if touched
Term
Actual textures
Definition
the true physical feeling of a form’s surface
Term
Trompe l’oeil
Definition
work that “deceives the eye” into believing it sees something other than the reality of a surface, such as architectural forms on what is actually a flat wall or ceiling
Term
Value scale
Definition

a graded representation of differences in value

Term
Highlights
Definition

a spot of highest value in a work- usually white

Term
Interpretive values
Definition
lights and darks used to convey an atmosphere or idea rather than a literal description of the actual values of a real scene
Term
High contrast
Definition
the polarization of the normal ranges of values towards the extremes of light and dark
Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
the depiction in 2D art of the effects of light and shadow, highly developed in Renaissance paintings as a means of rendering the solidity of bodies
Term
Visible spectrum
Definition
the color frequencies that humans can see; the distribution of colors produced when white light is dispersed
Term
Hues
Definition

the property of a color the enables us to locate its position in the spectrum or on the color wheel and thus label it as “red” or “blue” etc. Determined by its wavelengths

Term
Refracted
Definition
hues seen in light
Term
Reflected hues
Definition
hues seen when light is reflected from a pigmented surface
Term
Tertiary hues
Definition
hues that are a mixture of a primary and a secondary hue lying next to each other on the color wheel
Term
Complementary hues
Definition
colors lying opposite each other on a color wheel
Term
Saturation
Definition
the relative brightness or dullness of a color
Term
Local colors
Definition
 the color usually associated with an object, as seen from nearby under normal daylight without shadows or reflections
Term
Atmospheric color
Definition
the effects of lighting and environmental reflections on local colors
Term
Interpretive color
Definition
color chosen to represent an emotional atmosphere or idea rather than the visual reality of an object
Term
Monochromatic
Definition
having a color scheme based on values of a single hue, perhaps with accents of another color or neutral colors
Term
Analogous colors
Definition
those lying near each other on the color wheel
Term
Triad color scheme
Definition
the use of 3 hues lying at equal distances from each other on the color wheel
Term
Pointillism
Definition
a technique of painting using dots of primary and secondary hues in close juxtaposition to make them mix in the viewer’s perception
Term
Open palette
Definition

use of an unlimited range of colors in juxtaposition

Term
Limited palette
Definition

highly selective use of only a few colors

Term
Kinetic sculpture
Definition
a 3D work that moves
Term
Pattern
Definition

an all-over design created by repetition of figures

Term
Variety
Definition
change rather than sameness in design elements
Term

Transitions

Definition

the abrupt or gradual change from on portion of a design to another

Term
Contrast
Definition
abrupt change, as when opposites are juxtaposed
Term
Rhythm
Definition

the visual equivalent of notes and pauses in music, created by repetition, variety, and spacing in a design

Term
Balance
Definition
the distribution of apparent visual weights through a composition
Term
Visual weight
Definition
the apparent heaviness of an area of design
Term
Symmetrical
Definition
distribution of equal forces around a central point or axis
Term
Radial balance
Definition
symmetric arrangement of design elements around the center of a circle
Term
Asymmetrical
Definition
the distribution of dissimilar visual weights in such a way that those on either side seem to offset each other
Term
Emphasis
Definition

predominance of one area or element in a composition

Term
Focal point
Definition
the area of a composition to which the viewer’s eye is most compellingly drawn
Term
Economy
Definition
the use of as few means as possible to achieve a desired visual result
Term
Light wells
Definition

a shaft that allows daylight to enter the interior of a building

Term
Golden Mean
Definition
in ancient Greek aesthetic theory, an ideal proportional relationship between parts, whereby the smaller is to the greater as the greater is to the whole
Term
Golden Rectangle
Definition

a rectangle the lengths of whose sides correspond to golden section proportions

Term
Entablature
Definition
the horizontal member atop a column, supporting what lies above
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