Term
Definitions:
Immunity
Immunology |
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Definition
Immunity (Immunitas)- Free From Burden
Immunology- Study of host defenses against infectious disease and neoplasm and the undersireable consequences of immune reactions
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Term
Two Arms of Immunity
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity |
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Definition
Innate- 1st Line of defense against microorganisms
Adaptive: Composed of antibody (humoral) and cell-mediated immunity, Specific immune response against antigens (Stimulate antibody generation), Exhibit immunologic memory (faster and more vigorous secondary immune respnse) |
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Term
| Specificity of Adaptive Immunity |
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Definition
| Adaptive Immune responses are specific, generated toward determinants/epitopes, specificity is due to lymphocytes have cell membrane receptors, each lymphocyte has just one specificity |
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Term
| Immunologic Memory of Adaptive Immunity |
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Definition
| Faster and more vigorous immune response upon re-exposure to antigen due to the presence of memory cells (more sensitive to stimulation by antigen than antigen naive lymphocytes) |
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Term
| Diversity of Adaptive Immunity |
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Definition
Single Progenitor Cell gives rise to a large number of lymphocytes, each with a different specificity
Pre-existing antigen-specificity lymphocytes capable of reacting to 1x10^9 antigens, due to the expression of cell surface receptors that can react with a diverse number of antigens |
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Term
| Self-Regulation of Adaptive Immunity |
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Definition
| All immune responses abate with time due to: Removal of Antigen (No further immunologic stimulation), Activated Lymphocytes dying within a short period of time by apoptosis, Regulatory immune mechanisms |
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Term
| Discrimination of Self vs. Non-Self |
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Definition
Adaptive immune responses are directed normally against foreign antigens, not self antigens
Immune cells specific for "self" are usually destroyed or regulated
Autoimmune disease states may occur when discrimination is lost |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin (prevents tissue invasion, pH 5.5+ FAs), Lungs (Cilia + mucus. Surfactant proteins A and D enhance phagocytosis), Stomach and Vagina (Acidity), Saliva (Lysozyme, phospholipase A, and histatins (histidine-rich peptides) are antimicrobial. Flushing action of saliva), Tears (wash away microbes + contain lysozyme and phospholipase A), Mucus in nose and nasopharynx (traps microorganisms), Small intestines (produces alpha defensins- antifungal and antibacterial) |
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Term
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Definition
Antigen-nonspecific, exists prior to exposure to antigen, not enhanced following exposure to antigen, always available because it does not depend upon the clonal expansion of antigen-specific cells
Components: Phagocytes, Natural Killer Cells, Complement, Interferon, Acute Phase Proteins |
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Term
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Definition
Macrophages and neutrophils can phagocytize pathogens to prevent disease (next line of defense after the physical barriers)
Primary Macrophage functions are non-immune: Remove dead cells, inhaled particles, aged RBCs- Secrete Hormones to regulate granulocyte and erythrocyte pools
Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear cells w/ small cytoplasmic granules): AKA polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), Peripherial Blood PMNs are in 2 interchangeable pools (50% in the circulating pool+ 50% in marginal pool) |
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