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| a large cemi circular or polygonal (and usually vaulted) niche protruding from the end wall of a building. In the christian church, it contains the altar. Apsidal is an adjective describing the condition of having such a space. |
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| the passage around the apse in a basilican church or around the central space in a central-plan building |
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| In a church, projecting chapels arranged radially around the ambulatory of a semicircular or polygonal liturgical east end. |
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| the face or front wall of a building. |
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| the central space of a basilica, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles. |
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| The arm of a cruciform church, perpendicular to the nave. The point where the nave and transept cross is called "the crossing." Beyond the crossing lies the sanctuary, whether apse, choir, or chevet. |
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| The point where the nave and transept cross is called "the crossing." |
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| The topmost zone of a wall with windows in a basilica extending above the aisle roofs. Provides direct light into the central interior space (the nave). |
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| The element of the interior elevation of a church, found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arch openings. The triforium can be made up of opening from a narrow wall passageway, or it can be attached directly to the wall. |
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| a series of arches, carried by columns or piers and supporting a common wall or lintel. In a blind arcade, the arches and supports are engaged (attached to the wall) and have a decorative function. |
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| A clustered column or pier which consists of a centre mass or newel, to which engaged or semi-detached shafts have been attached, in order to perform (or to suggest the performance of) certain definite structural objects, such as to carry arches of additional orders, or to support the transverse or diagonal ribs of a vault, or the tie-beam of an important roof. |
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| An Italian term meaning "set against" used to describe the pose that results from being parts of the body in opposition to each other around a central axis. |
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| The S Curve is a traditional art concept in Ancient Greek sculpture and Roman sculpture where the figure's body and posture is depicted like a sinuous or serpentine "S". |
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| A grand entrance door, or gate, usually to an important public and often decorated with sculpture. |
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| ribs decorate the junction of a groin vault. Ribs may function to reinforce the groins or may be purely decorative. |
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| Pointed arches were used in Gothic architecture to help support the weight of vaulted ceilings. |
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| The vault surface between the ribs of a rib vault. |
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| A unit of space defined by architectural element such as columns, piers, and walls. |
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| In architecture, the vertical element found on both sides of an opening in a wall, and supporting an arch or lintel. |
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| A molded ban framing an arch, or a series of stone blocks that rest directly on the columns. |
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| The sculpted block that tops a column. According to the conventions of the orders, capitals include different decorative elements. |
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| in classical architecture, the vertical panel or the pediment. In medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by and arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic. |
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| A Rose window (or Catherine window) is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery. |
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| In Gothic Architecture, a steep pyramid decorating the top of another element such as a buttress. |
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| A stylized leaf used as decoration along the outer angel of spires, pinnacles, gables, and around capitals in Gothic Architecture. |
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| A gable is the triangle formed by a sloping roof. A building may be front-gabled or side-gabled. The house shown here is cross-gabled -- It has a gabled wing. Porches and dormers may also be gabled |
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| Italo-Bysantine Style (maniera greca) |
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| Stylized, exaggerated figures and features flat two dimensional figures backgrounds. Little of no sense of human emotion rigid formal composition arrangement. Addresses the viewer. |
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| Use of gold highlighting on garments. |
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| technique in which water based pigments are applied to a surface of wet plaster. |
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| First layer of plaster (rough draft) |
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| Drawing on plaster to be painted |
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| second layer of plaster (smooth finish) |
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| Refers to completing a work within a day's time. |
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| A style of monochromatic painting in shades of grey. |
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| Anyone who charged interest "loan shark" of the time. |
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| A fine animal skin prepared for writing and painting. |
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| A decorative knoblike element that can be found in many places, such as at the intersection of Gothic rib vault of in the buttonlike projections of metal work. |
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| In vault construction a secondary rib that arcs from a springing point to the rib that runs lengthwise through the vault, called the rib. |
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| a method of giving the impression of recession by the visual instinct, not by the use of an overall system or program. |
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| Atmospheric (or aerial) perspective |
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| A method of rendering the effect of spatial distance by subtle variations in color an clarity of representation. |
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| two panels of equal size (usually decorated with paintings or reliefs hinged) together. |
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| An artwork made up of three panels. May be hinged together so sides will fold over central area. |
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| method to create the illusion of three dimensional space on 2D surface by delineating a horizon line and orthogonal lines. They recede and meet a vanishing point giving the appearance of spatial depth. |
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Founded on the ideals of Italian scholar and poet Francesco Petrarca during the late fourteenth century, Renaissance humanism centered itself on humanity's potential for achievement. Although God is credited for
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creating the universe, human beings are the ones credited for developing and sustaining it. The shift was away from understanding the world through faith and towards a broader intellectual and scientific understanding of it. |
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| A guild (German: Gilde) is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of workers. (Italy) |
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| In architecture, a circular opening. Usually as windows or at the apex of a dome. When at the top of a dome it is either open or covered by a lantern. |
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| a segment or portion of a repeated design |
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| Italian term for a covered open air gallery. Often used as a corridor between buildings or around a courtyard, loggias usually have arcades or colonnades. |
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| in building, the rough, irregular, and unfinished effect deliberately given to the exterior facing or a stone edifice. |
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| squished relief, suggest serious imagery with light images. |
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| The illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into space. |
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| A manner of representation in which the appearance of natural space and objects in recreated with the express intention of fooling the eye of the viewer, who may be convinced that the subject actually exists as three-dimensional reality. |
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| any line running back into the represented space of a picture perpendicular to the imagined picture plane |
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| yellow glaze painted on final painting |
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| Using light figures on dark background to enhance focus |
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| In Christian architecture, a church, chapel, or shrine build over the grave or a martyr or the site of a great miracle |
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