Term
| Describe the major parts of an atom and it's structure |
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Definition
Bldg. blocks of elements
Subatomic particles:
Protons - (+)
neutrons - neutral
electrons - carry a neg charge & participate in chemical bonding |
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-elements are attanged vertically
- Group # tells valence shell electrons
(# of electrons in outer orbital) |
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ion charged atoms & in the human body they are referred to as electroltes
2 types based on electron flow
anion
cation |
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| anions & cations participate in ionic bonding |
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| gains electrons thus gaining a negative gives it an overall (-) charge |
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| have lost electrons thus giving an overall positive charge |
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| results when electrons are transferred |
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| Electrons are shared thus making it a stronger bond |
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| a type of covalent bond that occurs when H is covalently attached to an O2 or N |
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| result from electrons not equally shared & are water soluble (hydrophillic) |
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| fats do not dissolve in H2O & are more lipophillic |
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| the dissolving fluid agent in the solution |
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A+B ->AB, inhuman body individual amino acids link together during translation to form one large protein
aa+aa+aa+ -> protein |
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| reactions in which molecules are broken down (degradation reaction) digesting a protein that will break sown aa's during digestion |
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| storage form of glucose found in the liver to skeletal muscles |
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| reactions where energy gets released, tend to be decomposed reactions |
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| compunds that dissociate into ions when dissolved in H2O |
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release H+ ions
ph -> 1-14
ph greater than 7 base
neutral = 7
blood = 7.35 Basic
less than 7 acid |
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except H ions, release hydroxylion
ph > 7 (OH-) |
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| measure of acids to base or how acidic or basic something is |
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| mixing an acid/base in the corrector proportion of 7 or to reach a ph of 7 |
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help keep stable ph
-the buffer system consist of acid to base working together to keep a stable ph HCL + NaOH -> H2O + NaCl |
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| Factors that influence reactions |
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Definition
Temp, PH,
Enzymes, starting reactions |
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| Difference between organic and inorganic compound |
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Definition
| organic compunds contain C and inorganic don't |
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| carbs are used to form A&P |
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1 unit sugar
glucose - important blood sugar
fructose - found in fruits/veggies
galactose - milk sugar |
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2 unit sugar
sucrose - glucose + fructose
maltose - glucose + glucose (found in grain products and alcohol)
lactose - glucose + galactose (dairy products) |
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starch: storage form of glucose in plant tissue
glycogen: storage form of glucose in animal tissue, found in skeletal muscles & liver of humans |
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fats contain: C, H, O2
Used to make ATP & are found in fat deposits
Lipids:
Fat Deposits
Cell Membrane
Steroids (hormone) |
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Term
| proteins to include dehydration synthesis reactions & hydrolysis reactions |
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Definition
soy - plant protein
enzymes - proteins that help reactions occur in body
mm receptors - protein that can sit on the surface of a target cell to receive a hormone or neurotransmitter |
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| proteins that make a reaction go faster |
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| nucleic acids (see notes) |
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Definition
DNA - double stranded, think of genes found in chromosomes, used to make MRNA
RNA - single stranded, made from DNA, provided protein making instructions |
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"cellular fuel" adenosine triphosphate,
when ATP is converted to ADP energy to do work is released
occurs in mitochondria |
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