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| a system in which a two part description is used by biologists to provide each species with a unique scientific name (the first part is the genus and the 2nd part is the specific epithet or species descriptor)/ the field of biology that is concerned with the theory, practice, and rules of classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses |
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| a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms |
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| a diagram that describes a phylogeny; such a tree is a hypothesis of the evolutionary relationship among various species, based on the info available to and gathered by systematists |
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| genes are passed down from ancestors to descendants |
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| monophyletic group or a group of species, a taxon, consisting of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants |
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| vertical gene transfer vs HGT |
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VGT: gene transfer from ancestors to descendants (a lineage)
HGT: transfer of genes b/w different species |
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| found in all species and highly conserved (good way to have 1st approximation of the tree of life) |
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| evolves resistant to antibiotics; hiv evolution: from simians to humans; rapid change creates problems for fighting disease |
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| always mutating so hard to treat |
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| quartz-like rocks (fossils) |
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