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test 1 phonetics
test 1
42
Communication
Undergraduate 2
09/13/2011

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Term
addition
Definition
a speech production error in which a sound is incorrectly added (before or after)to another sound
ex: correct toad - toada
Term
broad transcription
Definition
includes symbols to represent the consonants, vowels, and dipthongs produced in a speech sample
Term
clinical phonetics
Definition
applications of phonetics in the clinic including info about speech sounds and the perceptual skills used in phonetic transcription
Term
deletion
Definition
a speech production error in which a sound is omitted (also termed an omission)
Term
distortion
Definition
a speech production error in which a speech sound is recognizable as the correct sound but is not produced exactly correctly. (lateral lisp ex)
Term
five-way scoring
Definition
a perceptual system in which speech sounds are classified as typical versus one of four error types, deletion, substitution, addition or distortion
Term
linguistic complexity
Definition
the context in which a sound to be transcribed is embedded, which may range from a sound in isolation to a sound occurring in conversational speech
Term
narrow (close) transcription
Definition
includes symbols to represent both the target sounds (consonant, vowels and dipthongs) and symbols that describe slight variations in the production of the target sounds.
Term
phonetics
Definition
the study of the perception and production of speech sounds
Term
phonetic transcription
Definition
use of symbols to represent the production of speech sounds
NOT A SCORE
Term
response complexity
Definition
the # of target sounds to be transcribed which may vary from only one sound to all sounds occuring in a section of speech
Term
substitution
Definition
a speech production error in which a speech sound is replaced by another speech sound ex: toad -boad
Term
target sound
Definition
the sound to be transcribed, as it occurs in isolation or together with other speech sounds
Term
two-way scoring
Definition
a perceptual system in which speech sound productions are dichotomized into two classes representing typical versus aytipical behavior (ex. correct vs. incorrect--right and wrong)
Term
acoustic phonetics
Definition
the branch of phonetics that deals with the acoustic properties of sounds; acoustics is a subfield of physics that deals with the generation and transmission of sound.
Term
allograph
Definition
any one alphabet letter or combination of letters that represents a particular phoneme. One phoneme may be represented (spelled) by several different allographs.
Term
alphabet
Definition
a system of written symbols used to express a language
Term
arresting
Definition
another name for syllable-final sounds; they arrest (stop) the syllable
Term
clinical phonetics
Definition
the branch of phonetics that deals with errors or abnormalities in the production of sounds
Term
closed
Definition
a syllable that ends in a consonant
Term
diacritic mark
Definition
a special symbol used to modify a phonetic symbol to indicate a particular modification of sound production
Term
dialect
Definition
different usage patterns within a language; speakers of one dialect may or may not easily understand speakers of another dialect of the same language
Term
dictionary
Definition
inventory of words in a language
Term
final
Definition
the final position or segment in a word eg the t in the word bat is the final consonant.
Term
free variation
Definition
a term used to describe allophones that may be exchanged for one another in a particular phonetic context.
Term
geminate
Definition
sounds that occur together as a pair, such as the two k sounds in bookkeeper or the s sounds in gas supply
Term
grapheme
Definition
a unit in the writing system of a language
Term
idiolect
Definition
an individual or personal pattern of language usage. Each user of a language has an idiolect
Term
initial
Definition
the first position or segment in a word ex: the b in the word bat
Term
lexicon
Definition
an inventory of the morphemes in a language
Term
medial
Definition
a middle position or segment in a word ex: the b is medial in the words rubber rebut or toothbrush
Term
minimal contrast
Definition
a sound segment distinction by which two morphemes or words differ in pronunciation minimal contrasts are basic to the discovery of phonemes in a language
Term
morph
Definition
an individual morphemelike shape in a language sample
Term
morpheme
Definition
the smallest unit of language that carries a semantic meaning
roots, pre-fixes suffixes
rebuild-2 morphemes
Term
morphemic transcription
Definition
a written account of the morphemic content of a language sample
Term
morphemics
Definition
the study of morphemes a subfield of linguistics
Term
morphology
Definition
the part of linguistics concerned with the study of morphemes, the meaning-bearing elements of a language
Term
open
Definition
a syllable that does not end in a consonant
Term
phone
Definition
a particular occurrence of a speech sound segment
Term
phoneme
Definition
a basic speech segment that has the linguistic function of distinguishing morphemes (the minimal units of meaning in a language).
Term
phonetic symbol
Definition
a written character that represents a particular speech segment
Term
phonetic transcription
Definition
a written account of the sound segments in a spoken language sample
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