Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Test 1 - Epithelium & Glands
Newkirk's epithelial notes
65
Histology
Professional
09/20/2011

Additional Histology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The main functions of epithelia are _____.
Definition
protection, secretion, absorption, sensory, and transport
Term
Epithelia is derived from primitive cell layers of _____.
Definition
the blastocyst
Term
Epithelial cells are primarily derived from _____.
Definition
ectoderm
Term
Epithelial cells have a _____ shape.
Definition
polygonal (square, rectangles)
Term
Epithelial cells are attached to neighboring cells through _____.
Definition
cell-cell junctions
Term
Epithelial cells are anchored to the basement membrane by _____.
Definition
hemidesmosomes
Term
There are no _____ within the epithelium. Nutrients diffuse from vessels in the underlying CT through the basement membrane.
Definition
blood vessels
Term
Epithelial cells can be classified based on _____.
Definition
shape, number of layers, and any modifications
Term
The shapes of epithelial cells are _____.
Definition
squamous (flat), cuboidal (square), columnar (rectangular)
Term
There are three layer classifications of epithelial cells:
Definition
simple (1 layer), stratified (many layers), and pseudostratified (one layer but looks like many)
Term
Microvilla
Definition
short, hard to see, non-motile, function to increase surface area of absorption
Term
Microvilla
Definition
only found on simple (or pseudostratified) cells
Term
Cilia
Definition
long, easier to see, motile
Term
Cilia
Definition
only found on simple (or pseudostratified) cells
Term
Sterocilia
Definition
long microvilli, non-motile
Term
Steriocilia
Definition
UNCOMMON; found in epidiymis, inner ear
Term
Flagella
Definition
not found on epithelia
Term
Goblet cells have a _____ shape.
Definition
modified columnar: wide top, narrow base
Term
Goblet Cells
Definition
make mucous to protect epithelium, trap debris, lubrication
Term
Goblet Cells
Definition
only found on simple (or pseudostratified) cells
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelia
Definition
single layer of squamous cells; very fragile
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelia
Definition
lines blood vessels, body cavities, posterior surface of cornea, kidney tubules
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Definition
multiple layers of squamous cells: deeper cells are more cuboidal, flattened as they get closer to top; more resistant to friction
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Definition
found in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal, uterine cervix, vagina, cornea
Term
Keratinizing Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Definition
like stratified squamous except superficial cells die (keratinize) and leave behind their skeleton (keratin)
Term
Orthokeratosis
Definition
no nuclei in keratin
Term
Parakeratosis
Definition
retained nuclei in keratin
Term
Keratinizing Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Definition
found on skin, oral cavity, esophagus, forestomachs of herbivores
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
Definition
single layer of cuboidal cells
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
Definition
found in kidney tubules, pancreas, salivary gland, ducts
Term
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia
Definition
2 or more layres of cuboidal cells; uncommon
Term
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia
Definition
found in salivary ducts & apocrine ducts
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelia
Definition
single layer of columnar cells; nuclei are often lined up (apical - top, basal - bottom)
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelia
Definition
found in intestines & gall bladder
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelia with Cilia
Definition
single layer of columnar cells; most have cilia
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelia with Cilia
Definition
uncommon; found in female repro tract
Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia
Definition
single layer of columnar cells but it may look like multiple layers because nuclei are not lined up
Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia
Definition
found in respiratory tract
Term
Stratified Columnar Epithelia
Definition
2 or more layers of columnar cells; often bottom is more cuboidal
Term
Stratified Columnar Epithelia
Definition
rare; found in conjuctiva & salivary gland ducts
Term
Transitional Epithelia
Definition
can transition between more stratified cuboidal & more stratified squamous lining; more resistant to the irritating effects of urine
Term
Transitional Epithelia
Definition
found only in urinary tract
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
secrete directly into the blood stream - no ducts!
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
thyroid, pituitary, islets of langerhans
Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition
secrete via a duct
Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition
exocrine pancreas, salivary glands, sweat glands
Term
Unicellular Glands
Definition
Goblet cells, Enterochromaffin cells (GI, endocrine)
Term
Multicellular Glands
Definition
lined by simple cuboidal (or columnar) epithelium; secretory component dumps secretions into a duct
Term
Simple Glands
Definition
duct doesn't branch; secretory component may or may not branch
Term
Compound Glands
Definition
duct does branch; secretory component usually branches
Term
Tubular Secretory Component
Definition
arranged along a tube; may be straight (stomach, colon), coiled (skin, foot pads), branched (stomach)
Term
Acinar (Alveolar) Secretory Component
Definition
arranged around a sphere; found in pandreas & salivary gland
Term
Tubuloalveolar Secretory Component
Definition
combination; found in salivary gland, mammary gland
Term
Merocrine Method of Secretion
Definition
membrane-bound secretory vesicles form in cytoplasm, fuse with luminal cell membrane to release contents outside cell; can't be seen with light microscopy, very common
Term
Merocrine Method of Secretion
Definition
found in salivary glands, pancreas, eccrine sweat glands
Term
Apocrine Method of Secretion
Definition
membrane bound pieces of top of cell pinch off; can be seen with light microscopy
Term
Apocrine Method of Secretion
Definition
found in mammary gland, apocrine (sweat) glands, ceruminous glands (ear wax)
Term
Holocrine Method of Secretion
Definition
entire cell "falls off" and becomes secretory product; can be seen with light microscopy
Term
Holocrine Method of Secretion
Definition
found in sebaceous glands
Term
Serous Secretions
Definition
watery; cells may have pink secretory granules concentrated toward top of cell, round nuceus
Term
Serous Secretions
Definition
found in pancreas & salivary gland
Term
Mucus Secretions
Definition
viscous; foamy cytoplasm; nucelus displaced basally & flattened
Term
Mucus Secretions
Definition
found in salivary glands, stomach
Term
Serous-Mucus Secretions
Definition
found in mixed salivary glands
Term
Myoepithelium
Definition
layer of flat cells with contractile activity that lies between secretory cells & basement membrane; move secretions from acinus to the duct
Supporting users have an ad free experience!