Term
| Which nucleotides are Purines? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nucleotides are Pyrimidines? |
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Definition
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Term
| Euchromatin exhibit a high histone modification of what kind? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heterochromatin exhibit a high histone modification of what kind? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the structure of the main histone complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme catalyzes Acylation of Histones? |
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Definition
HAT
Histone Acyltransferase |
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Term
| What enzyme catalyzes Histone Deacylation? |
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Definition
HDAC
Histone DeAcetylTransferase |
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Term
| What enzyme catalyzes Histone Methylation? |
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Definition
HMET (HMT [source: wikipedia])
Histone Methylase |
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Term
| What enzyme catalyzes Histone Demethylation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is characterized by rapid aging in children? |
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Definition
Laminopathies:
Laminum is the proteins of the nucleus, laminopathies refer to pathologies associated with the laminum |
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Term
| What arranges DNA into loops so that it can be transcribed? |
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Definition
| Insulator DNA and Proteins |
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Term
| What is the action of Adriamycin? What is it used to treat? |
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Definition
| Adriamycin blocks DNA replication. Used as a supplemental drug to treat Leukemia |
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Term
| What is the name of the factor that denatures DNA prior to replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme helps with Gene Expression and DNA replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of Ciprofloxacin (cipro)? What is it used to treat? |
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Definition
| Ciprofloxacin targets DNA Gyrase (Prokaryotic topoisomerase II). It is used to treat bacterial infections |
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Term
| What is the action of Etoposide (Toposar)? What is it used to treat? |
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Definition
| Action on human topoisomerase II. Used to treat testicular cancer |
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Term
| What is the action of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)? |
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Definition
| Action is on Human topoisomerase II. Treats a variety of cancer |
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Term
| What feature on the RNA primer allows DNA Polymerase III to land on it and begin synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Polymerase Alpha? Does it proofread? |
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Definition
| Functional analog to Primase. NO |
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Term
| What is the function of Polymerase Beta? Does it proofread? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of Polymerase Gamma? Does it Proofread? |
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Definition
| Synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. YES |
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Term
| What is the function of Polymerase Delta? Does it proofread? |
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Definition
| Analog to Polymerase I. YES |
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Term
| What is the function of Polymerase Epsilon? Does it proofread? |
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Definition
| Analog to Polymerase III. YES |
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Term
| What type of analogs inhibit DNA polymerases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of Acyclovir? What is it used to treat? |
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Definition
Acyclovir is a nucleoside analog missing the 3'OH (read: primer). Causes chain cancellation.
Used to treat viruses, predominantly Herpes Simplex Virus |
|
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Term
| What is the general name of the proteins that helps restore histone structure after replication? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the name of the proteins that maintain epigenetic code (histone modification patterns) after replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that corrects for telomere shortening? |
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Definition
| Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase |
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes DNA-Only Transposons? How does it recognize the sequence? |
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Definition
| Active-Transposase Complex. Recognizes inverted short repeat sequences on either end of DNA sequence |
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Term
| What is a common mechanism for the proliferation of drug resistance in bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the enzyme that works with human endogenous retroviruses to introduce the cDNA into the genetic code? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the human endogenous retrovirus that has diagnostic and prognostic value for a disease. What is the name of the disease? |
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Definition
| HERV-K and Malignant Melanoma |
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Term
| What is the name of the human endogenous retrovirus that has diagnostic and prognostic value for a disease. What is the name of the disease? |
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Definition
| HERV-K and Malignant Melanoma |
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Term
| What diseases are related with L1 (line) elements? |
|
Definition
| Hemophilia A and B, Beta Thalassemmia, Duchenne's, and some Colon Cancers |
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Term
| What diseases are related with SINE elements? |
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Definition
| Some colon and breast cancers, acute intermittent porphyria, and hemophilia A |
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Term
| What are the proteins for Prokaryotic Strand-Directed Mismatch Repair? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What disease is linked with strand-directed mismatch repair? |
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Definition
| HNCC (Lynch Syndrome): Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer |
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Term
| What are the genes that code for the MutS and MutL analogs in humans? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the three chemical mechanisms most likely to cause spontaneous alterations on the DNA code? |
|
Definition
Hydrolysis
Methylation
Oxidation |
|
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Term
| What is the most common spontaneous alteration on the DNA genome? What is the result and what enzyme corrects it? |
|
Definition
Methylation of position 8 on Guanine.
Forms an 8-oxo-guanine
Repaired by OGG1 |
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Term
| What does depurination cause? |
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Definition
| Loss of a purine. If uncorrected will result in a point mutation (deletion) |
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|
Term
| What does deamination do? |
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Definition
| C->U. Results in a substitution mutation |
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Term
| In base excision repair, what enzyme cleaves the phosphodiester bond after the glycosylase has removed the base? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| BRCAII is associated with what sort of DNA repair? |
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Definition
| Homologous End-joining via homologous recombination |
|
|
Term
| What is the disease associated with a breakdown in nucleotide excision repair? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ON what RNA Eukaryotic subunit does Rifampin bind? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with upregulation of sigma factor? |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas, mucoid phenotype in CF patients
Upregulation of RPoh |
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Term
| What is the effect of alpha-amanatin (Death Cap Mushrooms) on RNA synthesis? |
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Definition
| Strong inhibition of Pol II, weak inhibition of Pol III |
|
|
Term
| What are the two processes that aid rRNA in gaining its secondary structure? |
|
Definition
Pseudo-uradine
2' O methylation |
|
|
Term
| What is the TATA box code? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the transcription machinery to fall apart during mRNA synthesis? |
|
Definition
TFIIH
-Phosphorylates C terminal domain |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the molecule that causes the 5' to 5' capping bond? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Necessary codes for mRNA splicing? |
|
Definition
5' GU
3' AG
An Adenine in the middle |
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|
Term
| Code for the PolyA to attach to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two proteins of termination? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 functional domains of transcription factors? |
|
Definition
DNA binding Domain
Dimerization Domain
Activation Domain |
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|
Term
| What is the famous inhibitory protein in zinc-finger proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Helix-loop-helix protein that regulates muscle development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a transition point mutation? |
|
Definition
| Purine for Purine or Pyrimidine for Pyrimidine |
|
|
Term
| What is a Transversion point mutation? |
|
Definition
| Purine to Pyrimidine or vice vers |
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|
Term
| Amino acid attachment to tRNA? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the cap-binding proteins? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What hemoglobin genes are expressed in the first trimester? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What Hemeglobin genes are expressed in the second trimester? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What Hemoglobin genes are expressed from 6 months on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Rapamycin help decrease the odds of having to have a post-stent revascularization? |
|
Definition
Inhibit the mTOR pathway
mTOR is a signalling pathway involved in translation |
|
|
Term
| What are two type II restriction enzymes that make staggered cuts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of a Type II restriction enzyme that makes blunt ends? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the special nucleotide used in the Sanger method to decode DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about the polymerase used in PCR? |
|
Definition
| High temperature optimum, will not denature but in fact thrive in hot conditions |
|
|
Term
| What are the three basic applications of PCR? |
|
Definition
1. Identity-related
2. Diagnostic
3. For cloning |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of Aminoglycosides (such as Streptomycin)? |
|
Definition
Bind to 30S subunit, cause misreading of code.
At high levels blocks initiation |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
| Binds to 30S and blocks A spot |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of Chloramphenicol? |
|
Definition
Binds to 50S and blocks peptide bond formation.
High dosages can damage Mitochondrial translation |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of Erythromycin? |
|
Definition
| Binds 50S and block peptidyl transferase |
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