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| the study of humans form the biological perspective |
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| the area of physical anthropology is known |
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| the study of our nearest living relatives in their natural habitats |
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| is a group of people that share a greater statistical frequency of genes and physical traits with one and other |
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| - study of life ways of people form the past by excavating and analyzing the material form the past |
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| objects that have made or modified by humans and that can be removed from the site and taken to the laboratory for further analysis |
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| objects that have made or modified by humans and that can be removed from the site and taken to the laboratory for further analysis |
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| -like artifacts that can not be carried away form dig site |
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| - objects that found in the natural environment that were not made by humans |
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| - deals with the emergence of language in general and how specific languages have diverged overtime |
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| Cultural resource management |
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| - laws for archaeology to ensure proper research conducted |
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| - linguists can now approximate when two related languages began to diverge form each other |
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| - is the study of sounds systems |
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| - examines the relationship between language and culture |
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| - deals with the study of specific cultures |
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| - underlying patters of human culture derived through cultural comparisons. |
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| - viewed in its proper cultural context rather then from the observer culture |
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| - cult. athro. primary way of collecting data |
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1. selecting a research problem
2. formulating a research design
3. collecting the data
4. analyzing the data
5. interpreting the data |
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| a fieldworker must obtain by the countries government |
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| - technique is used for obtaining info. on what people think or feel |
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| - involve minimum of control by the interviewer ask open ended questions on general topics |
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| - ask informants the same set of questions in the same sequence to see if he can draw out any differences. |
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| - attempting to locate people, material culture, and environmental features in space |
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| - supplement the information collected through interviewing and observation |
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| - involves writing down all of the relatives of a particular informant |
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| - introduce by Kalervo Oberg ranges from mild irritation to out-and out panic |
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| - enables cultural anthropologists to view the world through two or more cultures at once. |
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| Human Relations Area Files(HRAF) |
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| - the largest anthropological data bank in the world. |
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| Five major strategies for securing food: |
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Definition
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Food collection- Hunting Gathering: The systematic collection of wild vegetation, the hunting of animals, and fishing.
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Horticulture: A basic form of plant cultivation using simple tools and small plots of land and relying solely on human power.
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Pastoralism: Keeping of domesticated animals (such as cows, goats and sheep) and using their products (such as milk, meat and blood) as a major food source.
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Agriculture: A more productive form of cultivation then horticulture because of the use of animal power ( such as horses or oxen ) or the mechanical power (tractors, reapers) and usually some form of irrigation.
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Industrialization: Production of food by means of complex machinery. |
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| Hunting and gathering societies: |
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| Ju/ ‘hoansi (also known as the!Kung studied by Richard Lee) of the Kalahari, Kwakiutl of the Canadian Pacific studied by Franz Boas, the Inuit of the artic region who were studied by Robert Flaherty. |
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| Traits of Food collecting societies: |
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Definition
• Have low population density
• Usually nomadic or semi nomadic
• The basic social unit is the family or band, a loose federations of families.
• Occupy the remote and marginally useful areas of the earth.
• Rarely recognize property rights
• Non specialized workforce |
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| Traits of Food producing societies: |
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Definition
Increase in population
• Increased food supply
• Children more economically useful
• Usually sedentary living (main exception being pastoral nomads)
• Often recognize property rights
• Specialized workforce |
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: The simplest form of farming which involves the use of basic hand tools. Fields are cultivated by human labor only. There are three kinds of crops
1. Tree Crops
2. Seed Crops
3. Root Crops |
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| A digging stick used by the !Kung and the Yanomamo (Studied by Chagnon 1983) |
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