Term
| International Military Tribunal at Nuremburg |
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Definition
| 1945: Created by England, Ireland, France, Russia and U.S. Given the power to investigate crimes against peace and humanity as defnied in the Charter. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1947: Established National Security Council and position of National Security Advisor to advise the President to create CIA. And the War Department the Department of Defense. |
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Term
| United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
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Definition
| 1948: Created 7 legal standards: presumption of innocence, public trial, right to counsel, confrontation of witnesses, ban on ex post facto laws, freedom of expression, and resistance to undefined crimes. |
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Term
| The Geneva Accords/Conventions |
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Definition
| 1949: This treaty was ratified and so becomes law. The accords do not allow torture so US law prohibits torture. |
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Term
| Universal Code of Military Justice |
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Definition
| 1951: Six years after WWII and during the Korean War. It applies to all members of the U.S. Military, and to others closely identified. It established standards of conflict. |
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Term
| Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: |
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Definition
| 1974: Passed by congress to conduct intelligence. It also created a special court FISC, it contains sitting district judges to review applications for surveillance of foreign agents. |
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Term
| Omibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act |
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Definition
| 1986: Sets penalties for murder or manslaughter for anyone who "kills a national of the U.S." while that person is outside the U.S. |
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Term
| 1st World Trade Center Bombings |
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Definition
| 1993: 4 killed and 1,000 injured. Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheik Mohammed would eventually be arrested for this crime. 8 1/2 years later = 9/11 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1995: CIA begins the practice to (1) isolate suspected terrorists & (2) to seize materials. Done after evidence uncovered that terrorists planned to blow up 12 airliners over Pacific Ocean & fly a fully-fueled jet into the CIA. |
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Term
| Anti-Terrorism & Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) |
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Definition
| 1996: Created offenses of "material support" fpr terrorists or for terrorist organizations; there are apparent First Amendment concerns involving treason and conspiracy. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1996: This law declared "grave breach of the 1949 Geneva Convention" constituted a "war crime." Prompted by war crimes in Yugoslavia. Applies to all Americans civillians and military. Geneva Conventions define a war crime as willful killing, torture, or inhumane treatment, including biological experiments, willfully causing great suffering, or seious injure to body or health. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1998: Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania destroyed by car bombs. Bombings occur 7 years after the invasion of Saudi Arabia, seen as Anti-Muslim by Bin Laden. |
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Term
| Authorization for the Use of Military Force |
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Definition
| 9/18/2001: President Bush had declared national emergency. But this superceded that. It allowed the President to use any means necessary to obtain retribution for 9/11 attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2001: Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Approriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. Acronym created to inspire patriotism. Had to be re-authorized in 2005. |
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Term
| Powers in the Patriot Act |
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Definition
| Search Telephone Records, search e-mails, examine a person's medical, financial, and banking records, search a person's home or business without the permission/knowledge of the owner, Expand National Security Letters, Searches without warrants, detain and deport suspects, expand the definition of domestic terrorism, and toe increase the powers of the Secretary of the Treasury to regulate transactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2002: Torture is crazy hard to commit. Torture is extreme pain the kind of pain that is on the level death, organ failure, or permanent damage. |
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Term
| Bush Accelerates Redition |
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Definition
| 2002: the policy remains secret until 2006. Now it is "extraordinary" |
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Term
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Definition
| 2002: Is opened because it is not quite the U.S. but it is close enough. These people are enemy combatants they can be transferred to federal courts. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2004: Created the position of Director of National Intelligence to coordinate U.S. intelligence gathering with all related government agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2005: A U.S. military prison in Abu Graib is revealed to be using grotesque tactics on its occupants. Televised congressional hearings criticize Donald Rumsfeld. Bush white house says torture at Abu Graib is exception. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2005: it passed as part of Dept. of Defense Appropriations Act. Its purpose was to prohibit inhumane abuse of prisoners. It declared U.S./federal courts do not have jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus appeals from "enemy combatants." The DTA declares that all those held at Guantanamo cannot have their claims heard in U.S. federal courts. |
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Term
| NSA Surveillance Program Revealed |
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Definition
| 2004: Bush administration had authorized NSA monitor electronic communications without seeking FISA court approval - including communications where part was in U.S. George W. Bush declares the President has "inherent" power to protect the U.S. against terrorism. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2006: Barely passed in the Republic Congress. It was intended to circumvent the SC's ruling in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld. Congress declares it has the Art. I power to imprison "enemy combatants" to the commander and chief, & Congress declares it can withhold habeas corpus rights from Guantanamo Detainees. |
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Term
| Re-Authorization of USA PATRIOT Act |
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Definition
| 2006: Creates Counterterrorism Section of Nat. Sec. Div. of DOJ. Two houses of congress differ. In committee the bill will be concerned with National Security. |
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Term
| Bush signs an Executive Order |
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Definition
| 2007: Authorizes CIA detention & interrogation of suspected terrorists or "an alien detainee who could assist in detecting , mitigating, or preventing terrorist attacks. |
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Term
| Foreign Soverign Immunity Act (FSIA) |
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Definition
| 2007: Withholds soverign immunity for acts committed by designated terrorist states and for torts committed within the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2008: Congress approves new surveillance law giving U.S. Gov. nearly unchecked powers to spy on phones/e-mails of Americans. The law restrcits the powers of FISC and judges to merely reviewing protocol not specific instances as happened before. |
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Term
| Obama Annouces he will endorse the Hunt for Osama Bin Laden |
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Definition
| 2008: Nuff said. Also he will close Guantanamo and that Torture is not U.S. policy. He also announces that his NSA will be Jim Jones and that Robert Gates will continue in his role as the Secretary of Defense. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2008: Kills about 200 people causes Indian paranoia about Pakistan. Pakistan rejects blame and stresses partnership with the U.S. U.S. sends unknown number of FBI agents to investigate. |
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Term
| The Trial of Sheik Abu Omar |
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Definition
| 2009: A trial in Italy results in convictions for redition/kidnapping/torture for 21 CIA officials. Italy is pissed about Bush torture policies. If they enter the EU they will be sent to Italy for their trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2009: Charged with 13 deaths at Ft. Hood Texas. Hasan answers to the UCMJ because he was a soldier. He was charge with an additional 32 counts of attempted murder. Question: did he act alone? Or as part of a conspiracy. |
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Term
| Obama White House review radiation drug policy |
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Definition
| 2009: Since 3-mile island in 1979 the federal government has sought anti-radiation drugs. Bush has distributed potassium iodide to every place within 10 miles of a nuclear reactor in 31 states. If a terrorist attacks a nuclear plant there is a back-up. IN 2007 the Bush White House ended the drug stockpiling. |
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