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| did not support americian revolution 输人 to Britian |
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| name given to a VOTE which requires a majority of votes according to two separate criteria. |
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| fur traders and the natives' babies |
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| the supreme law in Canada. an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions. |
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-Canada East; small, radical
-leader: Louis-Joseph Papineau
-intended to attract French-speaking farmers+merchants to oppose English commercial interests. |
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| rich, powerful people in UPPER CANADA, friends with government people, got involved in the councils,(rich loyalist americans, had strong connection with the people back in england,) |
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-belief that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation.
-referring to French-British conflicts in Canadas(feared that French heritage would be wiped out by English immigration) |
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selected to evaluate conditions in Canadas and came up with suggestions on improvement
including: 1. a new responsible gov. dominated by English 2. assmiliate French(make english)
Canadians(especially rich) didnt like him for they they would lose benefits in his regulation
made visits to US to make sure they are on British side.
progressive, new thinking(of business); nice to rebels. |
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1.widespread in Europe in 19th
2.1780s,being introduced to natives who had no immunity to it(causing many deads)
3.1860s, started in Victoria(BC) and spread other parts of colony |
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| a form of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is generally associated with the rule of law |
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| Crown and Clergy Reserves |
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| blocks of land set aside to provide income(thru sale or rent)for the gov. and for the Anglican church.in total of 1/27 of land in upper canada. |
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| John A McDonald’s dream to merge the countries in Canada |
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bought land and sold the land when the prices goes up
(invested in the land) |
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An English-language–speaking person, group, or locality
English-speaking world |
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-print part of a poster/advertisement
-promotion of optimistic life in Canada,to attract Europeans immigrants. |
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| refer to the ships that carried Irish immigrants escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Highlanders displaced by the Highland Clearances.[1] These ships, crowded and disease-ridden, with poor access to food and water, resulted in the deaths of many people as they crossed the Atlantic, and led to the Typhus epidemic of 1847 at quarantine stations in Canada.Owners of coffin ships provided as little food, water, and living space as was legally possible. journey took approx. 2 months. |
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-farmers work the land owned by others.
-immigrants from Ireland and Scotland, suffered from poverty; hoping to own a farm in Canada. |
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lowest decks of a ship(coffin ship);
people couldnt get up or walk around.
extremely bad condition,served with little food, no windows, diseases, |
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| a paramilitary organization founded in August 1837 in Lower Canada (modern-day Quebec) by young supporters of the Parti patriote who became impatient with the pace of progress of the movement for constitutional and parliamentary reforms |
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-definition:to render similar
-referring to the actions that English have done on French(in Lower Canada)to wipe out French culture(language,heritage,practice,etc.) |
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-right to vote gained through the democratic process
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-tradition tools to exert control over animals or other people, through pain compliance or fear of pain,
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-the most powerful political group in Canada East led by George-Etienne Cartier
-focused on economic development on C.E & protection of French- Canadian rights |
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| language of the early undo-Europeans of the British Isles highlanders(Celtic) of Scotland |
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-existed in New France during late 17th & 18th
-loyalists brought African slaves to Canada during the American Revolution.
-Slavery stopped working in Canada before North America.
-Courts in Lower&Upper Can refused to support slavery |
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-upper Canada: refuge of Black Americans escaping slavery.
-SECRET TRAILS and path for escaping
-if caught, handed back to their masters and severely punished
-hoping to start a new life, unfortunately did not found acceptance.
-lived A communities within communities |
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-pitied unmarried women ( out of date language)
-had to rely on relatives for support and a place to live |
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| colonial governments placed power in the hands of a small group of rich and influential men. |
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| the old system of New France whereby seigneurs, or lords, were granted parcels of land by France |
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| Divided upper Canada form lower Canada and gave the colony an elected law-making assembly(legislative~), appointed governor, 2 appointed councils. |
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| leader of the reform movement |
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| came from seignerurial family,lawyer,leader of the rebellion of 1837 |
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| revolution against the established government |
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| the natural and undisturbed plants of a region |
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| landforms and bodies of water |
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| type of sedimentary rock that originates by the evaporation of sea water |
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| study of forces within the Earth that form its surface features e.g mountain range |
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| from Canadian Shield to the Rocky Mountains (Alberta) |
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| made up of parallel mountain range that are separated by a series of plateaus and valleys |
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| overwhelmed flood caused by underwater earthquakes |
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| a long region with a trench through which a descending tectonic plate is assimilated into the earth's mantle |
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| study of the history of the Earth as found in rocks |
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| large masses of rock(shield), oldest part of the Earth |
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| formed by the solidification of molten material |
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| changed form original into another form through heat and pressure |
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| measure of the power of earthquakes |
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| people who study earthquakes |
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| solid rock underneath looser material:soil |
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| the interior part of the earth lies directly above core |
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| coastal climate(West coast) |
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| earth surface directly above the quake(middle of the quake) |
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| climate of continent's interior |
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| determined by its distance from the sea and by the prevailing wind |
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| prevailing westerly wind push warm, moist Pacific air up against the mountains of Vancouver Island ad the Coast Range and create it |
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| municipal and industrial waste |
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| pesticides,herbicides,and other materials taht drain from fields into rivers and lakes |
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| group of things interact with each other |
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| most of the region is made up of evergreen tree |
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| type of soil in boreal forest |
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| the remains of decomposing plants in the soil |
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| the upper limit of tree growth on a mountain |
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| depression filled with fresh water from rain or melting snow |
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| the waring away by action of wind, water or ice |
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describe a healthy(booming)
economy or one that is slow(bust) |
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| the average number of people in given area |
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| where people live within a given area |
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| people in authority ranked from top to bottom |
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-founded in 1670
-strict rigid hierarchy
-ice-free from July to mid September |
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-established in 1783
-dotted post in western& northern interior |
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| NWC established a major trade depot at Fort William, at the head of Lake Superior. Goods being loaded/shipped out from here. |
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optimism in money matters
referring to loosy trading practice in NWC(which eventually paid off for it) |
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| practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land, either around an obstacle in a river, or between two bodies of water |
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| someone who acts as a dealer between two parties who want to exchange goods |
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a state of being unmarried and sexually abstinent, usually in association with the role of a religious official or devotee.
(early HBC's practice) |
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French land division system
Long-lot pattern of the seigneuries of New France |
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| any firearm loaded through the muzzle |
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| fast,responsive horses that have been trained exclusively to hunt bison |
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| the pellet discharged from the firearm |
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| someone who fought for the rights of the underprivileged in the 19th century |
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the 5th Earl of Selkirk,a liberal democrat.
convinced HBC (in 1811) to give him some land known as"Selkirk's Grant" and established Red River Colony |
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| a title in the Peerage of Scotland. |
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ex-militia officer, organized Scottish immigrants to go to Red River Colony.
Made up "Pemmican Proclamation" |
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| new governor of Red River Colony after Thomas Douglas |
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| young Metis leader, employee of NWC. raided a brigade of HBC boats to the West of the Red River. |
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| resulted in turning simmering dispute between HBC and its colonists,NWC and the metis into a full-scale conflict. |
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| 1821,named governor of the HBC's Northern Department(after the merger). Travelling thruout the territory he controlled;had autocratic manner. shipped out his metis family and remarried Frances Simpson. Settled in Montreal and yet kept on travelling; died in 1860. |
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| racist, announced that she would not socialize with metis,resulting in being isolated in Red River Colony. |
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| a two-wheeled cart used on the prairie |
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| referring to clerical or professional workers |
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one of the first immigrants in RR Colony.
bought up NorWester the newspaper to express his anti-metis view. |
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a country that rules itself.
referring to the Dominion of Canada(Upper Canada+ Lower Canada after Act of Union 1840) |
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NWC Chief Trader during Red River Colony era
Director of harassment NWC people and Metis did on Scottish settlers.
Arrested Macdonelle and excuted him at Fort William |
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people in authority ranked from top to bottom
(HBC practice) |
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| NWC employees,who provided the muscle power to paddle canoes and carry cargo in both the Northwest and on the long lake journey from Fort William to Montreal. |
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| pulled carts until the herd was spotted |
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