Term
|
Definition
Inter-dependence of social processes across the globe, such that all social activity is interconnected rather than separated into different national and cultural spaces.
Consciousness of, and identification with, the world as a single place, as in cosmopolitanism, religion or environmentalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who interact in a defined space and share culture people who interact in a defined space and share culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the values, beliefs, behaviour, practices and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life refers to the values, beliefs, behaviour, practices and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Personal and enduring relationships, Time and common activities, Periodic conflict but secure, Economic and other assistance, Personal orientation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large and impersonal, Pursue specific activity, Weak emotional ties and loyalty, Short term, Goal orientation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large, secondary groups that are organised to achieve goals efficiently.
Etzioni (1975)
Utilitarian organisations
Normative organisations
Coercive organisations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Settings in which people are isolated from the rest of society and managed by an administrative staff with a rational plan to fulfil the functions of the institution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of everyday life in social interactions. In particular we are interested in how everyday realities are socially constructed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the way people make sense of their everyday lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| populations of migrant origin who are scattered among two or more destinations, between which there develop multifarious links involving flows and exchanges of people and resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macro structures of organisations, institutions and nation states
Census
Classification systems
Public policies
Legal and constitutional
Micro events and practices of everyday life
Representations
Stories
Images
Memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human differences that become socially significant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cultural beliefs that serve to legitimate key interests and hence stratification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ways in which societies shape notions of masculinity and femininity into power relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those connections among individuals over time which create social bonds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A network is a ‘fuzzy’ group that bring people into contact without a group’s sense of boundaries and belonging.
Social Networks: A web of social ties that links people who identify with one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Friends are ‘strong’ ties, acquaintances are ‘weak’ ties
Measurement of ties
Amount of time, emotional intensity, intimacy, reciprocal services
Stronger the tie, the more similar the people
Bridges
Only pathway between two points/people
Strong tie is not usually a bridge
Removal of weak tie damages a network more than strong tie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
‘electively belong’ to their communities
Feelings of attachment and belonging
Good places to raise children; similar stages of family formations
Residents are socially embedded in their localities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Personal identity: marks out an individual as unique (e.g. name);
Social identity: a label or cluster of characteristics tied to a social position, marks people the same as others (e.g. black, white);
Primary identities: established early in life; apparently fixed (e.g. gender) – but to what extent is this really the case?
Secondary identities: more flexible (e.g. occupation, leisure activities);
Narratives of identity: stories we tell about ourselves to make sense of life experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all forms of physical movement but also the study of location: how particular activities are located in particular physical places to which, or from which, people then have to move |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Humanist tradition: occurred as early as the 16th century in the form of Renaissance humanistic schools open to the public in England, focus on development of the individual child, action oriented
2. Rationalist-encyclopaedic tradition: originated in Enlightenment and the 1789 French Revolution, an élite is chosen to serve the masses and main disciplines of knowledge should be acquired by all children.
3. Naturalist traditions: northern Europe including Scandinavia and Germany, naturalist ideas focus on the child in the community, schools should support local village, economic, religious and historical cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disengagement of religion from public institutions
- separation of church and state
- from ecclesia to denomination
disenchantment of social life
- knowledge based on science, not religion
- rationalization and the ‘iron cage’ (Weber)
differentiation and religious pluralism
- religion as a matter of individual choice
- multiple readings of sacred texts
- critical questioning of social values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ideas and values from different faiths pervade our everyday lives but are not seen as ‘religious’
decline in religious belonging (collective worship) but not in religious believing; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society deem significant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of ranking or classifying people on the basis of their presumed race (e.g. Chinese, Caucasian). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shared cultural and historical heritage. Members of an ethnic category have common ancestors, a language or a religion which, taken together, confer a particular social identity. |
|
|
Term
| Institutional Discrimination |
|
Definition
| bias in attitudes or action inherent in the operation of societal institutions such as schools and the police |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- orginiated in Canada (Multiculturalism Act)
- employed in the United States, Canada, Malaysia;
- main emphasis is on collectivities instead of individual rights;
- weaker about national citizenship;
- negative political connotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- seems to have originated in France;
- employed in Council of Europe (1978) and EC documents;
- emphasis on cross-cultural learning and interaction;
- assumes a sense of national citizenship;
- silent or critical of ideas about groups |
|
|
Term
| The 3 Great Transformations |
|
Definition
| Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Information Revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Family (Social Aspects and Policy) |
|
Definition
Provision of social supports (e.g. childcare, flexible working, shared childrearing) essential if men and women are to be able to perform dual roles of worker and parent.
Poorer well-being and social integration of single people, particularly single mothers, but also older single women; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ‘Family is the most violent group in society with the exception of the police and the military. You are more likely to get killed, injured or physically attacked in your home by someone you are related to than in any other social context’ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
