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| an organism that lives in intimate association with another organism on which it depends for its nutrition; not necessarily a pathogen (contrasts with saprophyte) |
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a disease-producing organism or biotic agent
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pertaining to the absence of life; abiotic diseases are not caused by living organisms (pathogens), but by chemical and physical factors. (see also noninfectious) (contrasts with biotic, infectious)
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relating to life, as disease caused by living organisms (see also infectious) (contrasts with abiotic, noninfectious)
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Fungal pathogens colonize living plant tissue and obtain nutrients from living host cells
an organism that can live and multiply only on another living organism (see also obligate parasite) contrasts with necrotroph)
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| to infect and ramify through plant tissue with the growth of a pathogen |
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the succession of all of events and interactions among the host, parasite and environment that occur in a disease, from initial infection of the plant by a causal agent, through pathogenesis, to over-seasoning, until another infection occurs
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| a memory aid that diagrams the three important components necessary for disease: a susceptible plant, a virulent pathogen, and a favorable environment |
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| Any of various complex, spore-bearing fungal structures |
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the range of plants on which an organism, particularly a parasite, feeds.
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the time between penetration of a host by a pathogen and the first appearance of disease symptoms; the time during which microorganisms inoculated onto a medium are allowed to grow.
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| pertaining to a disease that is caused by a biotic agent capable of spreading from plant to plant . |
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| to place inoculum in an infection court; to insert a pathogen into healthy tissue |
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| having one disease or life cycle per growing season |
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| a parasite that typically kills host cells and obtains its energy from them. |
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| an organism that can grow only as a parasite in association with its host plant and cannot be grown in artificial culture media |
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| having several to many disease cycles in a growing season |
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the inoculum, usually from an overwintering source, that initiates disease in the field, as opposed to inoculum that spreads disease during the season.
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an organism that obtains nourishment from nonliving organic matter.
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the inoculum produced by infections that occurred during the same growing season.
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an indication of disease from direct observation of a pathogen or its parts.
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| a reproductive structure of fungi and some other organisms, containing one or more cells; a bacterial cell modified to survive an adverse environment |
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| an indication of disease by reaction of the host, e.g., canker, leaf spot, wilt. |
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a living organism (e.g., insect, mite, bird, higher animal, nematode, parasitic plant, human) able to carry and transmit a pathogen and disseminate disease; in genetic engineering, a vector or cloning vehicle is a self-replicating DNA molecule, such as a plasmid or virus, used to introduce a fragment of foreign DNA into a host cell.
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| a principle of plant disease control in which plants are grown at times or locations where the pathogen is inactive or not present |
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| to kill pathogens that have not yet initiated disease, or other contaminating microoganisms, that occur in or on inanimate objects as such soil or tools, or that occur on the surface of plant parts such as seed |
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| a plant disease in which the pathogen appears as a downy growth on the host surface; caused by a member of the Oomycota (the oomycetes) |
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| the management of plant disease by eliminating the pathogen after it is established or by eliminating the plants that carry the pathogen |
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| the management of disease by excluding the pathogen or infected plant material from crop production areas (e.g., by quarantines and embargoes) |
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| any of various complex, spore-bearing fungal structures |
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a eukaryotic organism that is usually filamentous (forming a mycelium) and heterotrophic, has cell walls composed of chitin, and reproduces by sexual and/or asexual spores
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| a taxonomic category that includes a group of closely related (structurally or phylogenetically) species; the genus or generic name is the first name in a Latin binomial |
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| an organism that obtains nourishment from outside sources and must obtain its carbon from organic carbon compounds (contrasts with autotroph) |
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| the sugary ooze or exudate, often from aphids, and a characteristic symptom of ergot |
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| a single, tubular filament of a fungal thallus or mycelium; the basic structural unit of a fungus |
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| a mass of hyphae constituting the body (thallus) of a fungus |
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| a disease caused by a specialized group of the Basidiomycota (the basidiomycetes) that often produces spores of a rusty color |
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| an organism that obtains nourishment from nonliving organic matter (see also saprobe, saprotroph) |
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| a vegetative resting body of a fungus, composed of a compact mass of hyphae with or without host tissue, usually with a darkened rind |
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| an informal term for a nonpathogenic funguslike organism that forms a vegetative amoeboid plasmodium and spores (see also myxomycetes, Myxomycota) |
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| a disease caused by a smut fungus (Ustilaginomycotina) in the Basidiomycota or the fungus itself; it is characterized by masses of dark brown or black, dusty to greasy teliospores that generally accumulate in black, powdery sori |
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| the second word in a Latin binomial |
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| a reproductive structure of fungi and some other organisms, containing one or more cells; a bacterial cell modified to survive an adverse environment |
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| a spore of a fungus or funguslike organism with flagella, capable of locomotion in water |
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