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| the person who initiates and is responsible for most of the message |
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| the person or person receiving the speaker's message and contributing feedback |
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| the verbal and non verbal ideas encoded by the speaker and decoded by the audience |
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| the process of conveying messages |
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| the process of interpreting messages |
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| the verbal and non verbal messages encoded by the audience and decoded by the speaker |
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| the means of getting the message across such as a voice over the airwaves or visual messages in the form of nonverbal and visual aids |
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| any unwanted unwanted pleasant or unpleasant barrier |
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| the location and time in which the process of communication takes place |
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| the speaker's and audience's identities and life experiences |
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| the overlap within the speaker's and audience's identities and life experiences |
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| the fluid process of communication where the speaker and the listener participate equally by simultaneously sending and recieving information to and from one another |
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| the human need and willingness to understand as much as possible the feelings, thoughts, motives, interests, attitudes, and lives of others |
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| a speech that recognizes the audience's unique characteristics and viewpoints |
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| appeals to the audience's ability to reason logically through statistics, facts, and testimony to reach a conclusion |
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| appeal of reliability or credibility |
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| communication apprehension |
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| fears about engaging in a communicative interaction with one or more persons |
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| feelings of uneasiness and fearfulness about preparing or giving a speech |
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| a set of standards that guide you to good and honorable behavior |
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amendment to the US
Constitution establishing freedom of speech by stating, "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or the press..." |
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| the notion that one's culture is superior to other cultures |
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| intentional or accidental use without proper credit of all or a portion of the words, ideas, or illustrations created by someone else |
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| occurs either when a speakers take an entire speech or document and present it as their own or when speakers take pieces of information from other sources and link the parts toget, creating an entire speech out of someone else's words , ideas, or illustartions |
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| occurs when speakers fail to give source credit to a specific part of their speech that has been taken from another source |
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| audience and situation analysis |
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| a systematic investigation of the characteristics that make the audience and speaking situation unique |
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| the tendency for an audeince to be interested in the topics that relate and matter to them |
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| how well the speaker communicates with the audience |
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| the speaker's understanding of what makes the audience distinctive |
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| the ability to respond to audience differences through sensitivity, politeness, willing adjustment, and collaboration |
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| learned, persistent psychological responses, predispositions, or inclinations to act one way or feel a particular way toward something |
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| the ideas a person accepts as plausible based on interpretation and judgement |
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| the enduring principles related to worth or what a person sees as right or wrong , important or unimportant |
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| made up of a person's beliefs, values, and attitudes |
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| audience demographics, or traits, such as age, gender, sexual orientation, household type, education, occupation, income, and disabilities |
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| the false or oversimplified generalizing applied to individuals based on group characteristics |
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| the needs and motivations of the audience |
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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| the theory that humans have a hierarchical set of needs that must be met, starting with the lower, more basic needs and progressing to the higher, less basic needs |
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| relate to how the audience is affected by or identifies with other groups of people |
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| the biological differences of humankind often noteable in physical markers such as color or texture of hair, color of skin and eyes, shape of facial features, and bodily build and proportions |
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| traits that stem from national and religious affiliations |
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| the system or learned patterns of beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, practices, customs, and behaviors shared by a large group of people that are taught from one generation to the next |
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| any environmental or linguistic barrier to effective listening that originates outside of the listener's mind and body |
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| external noise of conditions withing the speech location that interrupt the listeners ability to concentrate, such as movement, heat, cold, or hard seats |
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| external noise or barriers to listening that over when the verbal and non verbal messages from the speaker are unfamiliar to or misunderstood by the listener |
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| any physiological or psychological barrier to effective listening that originates withing the body or mind of the listener |
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| internal noise such as hunger, disabilities, pain or other bodily condition that can prevent or constrain the listening process |
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| internal nose in the form of emotional conditions that may prevent the listener from focusing on and absorbing ta message, such as fear, prejudice, or boredom |
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| the unrestricted aim of a speech |
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| a list of general words and phrases that could be speech topics |
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| the process of stimulation creative thinking through free association or clustering |
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| a single statement combining the general purpose, a specific audience, and the speaker's objective |
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| the part of the specific purpose that describes the outcome or behavior the speaker wants the audience to experience or adopt |
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| the concise, single sentence summarizing and/or previewing what a speaker will say during a speech; also called a thesis statement |
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| a brief, usually handwritten, outline of the body of the speech, used to guide research and organize thoughts during the early stages of creating a speech |
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| the early drafts of a speakers main points that are subject to change during the course of research |
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| the principle that a word represents what it is referring to either by association, resemblance, or convention |
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| the principle that the relationship between a word and what it stands for is random, subjective, or coincidental |
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| the accepted meaning of a word, which can be found in the dictionary |
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| the emotional and personal reaction a person may have to a word |
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| the specialized or technical vocabulary used among members of a profession |
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| a shortened form of a word or phrase, used to represent the full form |
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| a word formed form the initials or other parts of several words |
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| overused words or phrases that have lost their effect |
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| unneccesary sounds, words, or phrases that serve no purpose and of not add much to the understanding of the message, such as "um" |
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| language techniques that transform or enhance ordinary words |
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| speech devices or language techniques that finesse word order or repeat sounds, words, phrases, sentences, or grammatical patterns |
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| how high or low a person's voice is in frequency, which is determined by how fast or low the vocal chords vibrate |
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| a voice quality that is constant in pitch which can be distracting and boring |
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| varying the pitch of one's voice to demonstrate enthusiasm, excitement, concern, and dedication to the topic |
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| how loud or soft the speaker's voice is |
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| the speed at which a person speaks |
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| slowing down the speaking rate or stopping during a speech for effect |
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| the fluctuation, change, or adjustment of a speaker's volume, pitch, rate, and pauses |
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| the standard or commonly accepted way to make a word or sound |
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| how completely and clearly you utter a word |
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| the ability to use distinctiveness and clarity while saying linked whole words |
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| the way a culture or coculture pronounces and uses language |
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| a person's physical choices of dress and grooming practices |
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| the act of a speaker briefly looking into audience member's eyes |
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| the use of facial features and muscles to convey a speaker's internal thoughts and feelings |
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| the use of the body or parts of it (hands, arms, eyes, , or head) |
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| speech-independent or culturally learned gestures that have a direct verbal translation |
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| gestures that are speech depended or closely linked to what is being said, which help demonstrate the message |
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| the speaker's use of motion and space during a speech |
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| a speaker's body position and stance during a speech |
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| delivery method in which the speaker plans out, rehearses, and delivers the speech from an outline of key words, phrases, and delivery notes |
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| delivery method in which a speaker reads word for word from a copy of the speech |
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| delivery method in which the speaker delivers a speech from memory exactly as written |
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| delivery method in which the speaker has little or no time for preparation or rehearsal prior to giving the speech |
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| mediated asynchronous engagements |
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| presentations that use technology as a channel outside of the speaker or audience to exchange a message |
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| communication engagement that occur when the speaker and the audience interact in real time via some sort of medation |
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| communication engagements that occur when part of a speaker's audience is interacting in real time and part is not |
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| the speaker's understanding of what makes the audience distinctive |
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| describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. |
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| "arousal of the senses" the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environmen |
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| a list of Web pages, files, and images related to the terms entered into a search engine |
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| firsthand knowledge or opinions, either your own or from others |
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| the speaker's experience or point of view |
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| firsthand knowledge or opinion from a peer or an ordinary person other than the speaker, who bears witness to his or her own experiences or beliefs |
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| firsthand knowledge or opinions known for his or her popularity, fame, attractiveness, high-profile activities, and/or age |
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| firsthand knowledge or opinions from a specialist in a field related to the speech's topic |
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| a plan designed to acheive a goal, particularly concerning the relationship and arrangement of a speech;s main points |
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| used when moving through steps in a process or developing a timeline |
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| used when there is a strong inherent or traditional division of subtopics within the main topic |
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| an organizational strategy recognizing spaces as a method of arrangement |
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| used when the audience needs to understand the cause and effect or consequence of something, by either leading up to a particular result or backtracking from effect to cause |
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| an organisational strategy to convince an audience that one thing is better than than another, by comparing the two |
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| a strategy to convince an audience that one thing is better than another, by comparing the two |
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| problem-solution strategy |
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| an organizational strategy that demonstrates a problem and explains or advocates a solution |
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| Monroe's motivated sequence |
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| a five-step strategy that motivates an audience to action based on their needs |
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| any books, magazines, journals, blogs, Web sites, e-mail, interviews, or other such resources that contribute information to the creation of a speech |
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| specific tools used to locate information on the web |
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| any information that helps explain,elaborate, or validate a speech or topic |
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