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Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
Chapter 2
120
Medical
Undergraduate 1
12/01/2012

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Term
abdominal
Definition
Pertaining to the abdomen.
Term
adipose
Definition
Pertaining to fat.
Term
anterior
Definition
Pertaining to the front.
Term
anabolism
Definition
Process of casting up (building-up or synthesizing process in a cell).
Term
cervical
Definition
Pertaining to the neck.
Term
chondroma
Definition
Tumor of cartilage
Term
chondrosarcoma
Definition
Flesh tumor (malignant) of cartilage (tissue). All sarcomas are malignant
(cancerous) tumors.
Term
chromosomes
Definition
“Color bodies”; contain genetic material and are located in the nucleus of cell.
Term
coccygeal
Definition
Pertaining to the tailbone
Term
craniotomy
Definition
Incision of the skull
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
Contents (formation) of the cell (apart from the nucleus and cell membrane).
Term
distal
Definition
Pertaining to far (from the beginning of a structure).
Term
dorsal
Definition
Pertaining to the back
Term
histology
Definition
Study of tissues
Term
iliac
Definition
Pertaining to the ilium.
Term
inguinal
Definition
Pertaining to the groin.
Term
karyotype
Definition
Picture (classification) of the nucleus (and its chromosomes).
Term
lateral
Definition
Pertaining to the side.
Term
lumbosacral
Definition
Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions
Term
medial
Definition
Pertaining to the middle
Term
nucleic
Definition
Pertaining to the nucleus
Term
pelvic
Definition
Pertaining to the pelvis (bones in the region of the hip).
Term
proximal
Definition
Pertaining to near the beginning of a structure.
Term
posterior
Definition
Pertaining to the back, behind
Term
sacral
Definition
Pertaining to the sacrum (lower back).
Term
sarcoma
Definition
Pertaining to the spine, backbone.
Term
epithelial cell
Definition
Cell covering the surface of the skin and inner lining of body cavities and tubes.
Term
thoracic
Definition
Pertaining to the chest
Term
thoracotomy
Definition
Incision of the chest.
Term
tracheal
Definition
Pertaining to the windpipe
Term
umbilical
Definition
Pertaining to the navel
Term
ventral
Definition
Pertaining to the belly side of the body.
Term
vertebral
Definition
Pertaining to vertebrae
Term
visceral
Definition
Pertaining to internal organs
Term
anabolic
Definition
Pertaining to casting up; building up substances (proteins) in the cell.
Term
catabolism
Definition
Process of casting down; breaking down material in the cell to release energy.
Term
epigastric
Definition
Pertaining to above the stomach.
Term
hypochondriac region
Definition
Pertaining to under the rib cartilages (area of the abdomen).
Term
intervertebral
Definition
Pertaining to between the vertebrae.
Term
metabolism
Definition
State of building up (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism); processes in a cell.
Term
Abdomen
Definition
Area of the body between the body between the chest and pelvis region.
Term
Abdominal cavity
Definition
Area of the body between the chest and pelvis (hip region).
Term
Adipose
Definition
Pertaining to fat.
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Process of building up or synthesizing substances (such as proteins) in a cell.
Term
Anterior
Definition
Pertaining to the front of a structure.
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Elastic, connective tissue found at joints, within the trachea and larynx, and connected to ribs, nose, and ear.
Term
Catabolism
Definition
Cellular process of breaking down of a complex substance into simple compounds. Energy is released to do the work of the cell.
Term
Caudal
Definition
Pertaining to the tail, or to the lower portion of the body; also means away from the head or below another structure.
Term
Cell membrane
Definition
Thin and delicate structure surrounding a cell; allows materials to pass in and out.
Term
Cephalic
Definition
Pertaining to the head; also means above another structure.
Term
Cervical
Definition
Pertaining to the neck of the body or lower neck-line portion of the uterus.
Term
Chondroma
Definition
Tumor (benign) of cartilage.
Term
Chondrosarcoma
Definition
Malignant, cancerous tumor of cartilage
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Threadlike structure within the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA).
Term
Coccygeal
Definition
Pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx.
Term
Coccyx
Definition
Tailbone at the end of the spinal or vertebral column.
Term
Cranial cavity
Definition
Pertaining to the space within the skull containing the brain and pituitary gland.
Term
Craniotomy
Definition
Incision of the skull.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
All of the substance of a cell other than the nucleus
Term
Deep
Definition
Away from the surface of the body or an organ.
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
Muscular wall separating the chest and abdomen.
Term
Disk (disc)
Definition
Circular platelike structure composed of cartilage
Term
Distal
Definition
Pertaining to far from the beginning of a structure.
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Pertaining to the back, or posterior portion of the body.
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell.
Term
Epigastric region
Definition
The upper middle region of the abdomen, between the right and left hypochondriac regions
Term
Epithelial cells
Definition
Cells arranged in layers and covering or lining a surface of the body.
Term
Frontal plane
Definition
A vertical plane passing through the body and dividing it into the front and back portions; coronal plane.
Term
Genes
Definition
Segments of DNA that determine hereditary characteristics.
Term
Histology
Definition
Study of tissues
Term
Hypochondriac region
Definition
An upper abdominal area on either side of the epigastric (middle) region beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs.
Term
Hypogastric
Definition
Lower middle region of the abdomen
Term
Iliac
Definition
Pertaining to the ilium, which is the right or left upper most portion of the hipbone.
Term
Inguinal region
Definition
Lowermost region of the abdomen on either side of the hypogastric region.
Term
Intervertebral
Definition
Pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones).
Term
Karyotype
Definition
Classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell determined by a photograph taken during cell division.
Term
Larynx
Definition
The voice box
Term
Lateral
Definition
Pertaining to the side
Term
Lumbar region
Definition
One of two middle lateral regions on either side of the umbilical region (near the naval).
Term
Lumbosacral
Definition
Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back.
Term
Medial
Definition
Pertaining to the middle or midline of the body.
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
Part of the thoracic (chest) cavity between the lungs.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Chemical processes that occur in cells; including catabolism (breaking down process) and anabolism (building up process).
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Rod-like, threadlike or granular structures in a cell; site of catabolism and release of energy
Term
Nucleic
Definition
Pertaining to the nucleus
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Central, controlling structure in a cell; contains chromosomes with DNA (genetic material).
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
Pertaining to the space surrounded by the bone of the hip region.
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.
Term
Pharynx
Definition
The throat
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain; secretes many hormones that control growth and organs including the thyroid, adrenal and sex glands (ovaries and testes).
Term
Pleura
Definition
A delicate membrane surrounding each lung and divided into two layers.
Term
Pleural cavity
Definition
Space between the layers of the pleura in the chest
Term
Posterior
Definition
Pertaining to the back or dorsal side of the body or structure.
Term
Prone
Definition
Lying in a horizontal position with face downward.
Term
Proximal
Definition
Pertaining to a location near the point of attachment or beginning of an organ.
Term
Sacral
Definition
Pertaining to the sacrum
Term
Sacrum
Definition
Large, triangular bone is at the dorsal part the pelvis, wedged between the two ilia or hipbones.
Term
Sagittal plane
Definition
Vertical plane that divides the body into a right and left portion.
Term
Sarcoma
Definition
Tumor of flesh tissue such as bone, fat, muscle or cartilage.
Term
Spinal cavity
Definition
Space surrounded by the backbones or spine.
Term
Spinal column
Definition
Series of backbones (vertebrae) located on the posterior side of the body.
Term
Spinal cord
Definition
The nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.
Term
Superficial
Definition
Pertaining to or the surface of the body
Term
Supine
Definition
Lying horizontally on the back with face upward.
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
The space in the chest surrounded by the ribs, spinal column, breastbone, diaphragm, and chest wall muscles.
Term
Thoracotomy
Definition
Incision of the chest
Term
Thyroid gland
Definition
Endocrine gland in the neck; secretes the hormone thyroxine (Ty).
Term
Trachea
Definition
Trachea Windpipe; tube leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes.
Term
Tracheal
Definition
Pertaining to the trachea
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
Term
Umbilical region
Definition
Region in the area of the navel or umbilicus.
Term
Ureter
Definition
One of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Term
Urethra
Definition
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Term
Uterus
Definition
Muscular organ in a female that nourishes the developing embryo during pregnancy; womb
Term
Ventral
Definition
Pertaining to the front or anterior of the body
Term
Vertebra
Definition
Backbone.
Term
Vertebrae
Definition
Two or more backbones
Term
Vertebral
Definition
Pertaining to backbones.
Term
Viscera
Definition
Internal organs
Term
Visceral
Definition
Pertaining to internal organs
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