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Terms in Paleopathology
congenital anomalies
27
Anthropology
Undergraduate 4
09/15/2009

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Term
Consanguineous
Definition
Of the same blood or origin; esp relating to or involving persons (as first cousins) that are relatively closely related.
Term
Craniosynostosis
Definition
Mature fusion of the sutures of the skull.
Term
Crouzon's Syndrome
Definition
A craniofacial disorder that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is characterized by malformation of the skull due to premature ossification and closure of the sutures. Also called craniofacial dysostosis.
Term
Cleftpalate (palatoschisis)
Definition
Congenital fissures of the roof of the mouth produced by failure of the two maxillae to unite during embryonic development and often associated with cleft lip.
Term
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Definition
A rare condition inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized esp. by partial or complete absence of the clavicles, defective ossification of the skull, and faulty occlusion due to missing misplaced or supernumerary teeth.
Term
Idiopathic
Definition
Arising spontaneously or from obscure or unknown cause: Primary <~epilepsy>
Term
Scaphocephaly
Definition
A congenital deformity of the skull in which the vault is narrow, elongated, and boat-shaped because of premature ossification of the sagital suture.
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
A lateral curvature of the spine
Term
Endosteal
Definition
Occurring or located within a bone
Term
Plagiocephaly
Definition
A malformation of the head marked by an oblige slant to the main axis of the skull and usu. caused by closure of half of the coronal suture
Term
Turricephaly/Oxycephaly
Definition
congenital deformity of the skull due to early synotosis of the parietal and occipital bones with compensating growth in the region of the anterior fontanel resulting in a pointed or pyramidal skull
Term
Aper Syndrome/Acrocephalosyndactyly
Definition
A congenital syndrome characterized by a peaked head and webbed or fused fingers and toes.
Term
Trigonocephaly
Definition
congenital deformity in which the head in somewhat triangular and flat
Term
Hydrocephaly
Definition
an abnormal increase in the amount of cerebralspinal fluid within the cranial cavity that is accompanied by expansion of the cerebral ventricles and enlargement of the skull.
Term
Brachycephalic
Definition
short headed or broad headed with a cephalic index of over 80
Term
Syndactyly
Definition
a union of two or more digits that occurs in humans often as a hereditary disorder marked by the joining or webbing of two or more fingers or toes.
Term
Micrognathia
Definition
abnormal smallness of one or both jaws.
Term
Spina bifida occultta
Definition
a mild often asymptomatic form of spina bifida in which there is no hernial protrusion of the meninges of the spinal cord
Term
Spina Bifida (rachischisis)
Definition
embryologic failure of fusion of one or more vertebral arches; subtypes of spina bifida are based on degree and pattern of malformation associated with neuroectoderm involvement.
Term
Spina Bifida Aperta or Cystica
Definition
spina bifida associated with a meningeal cyst (meningocele) or a cyst containing both meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele) or only spinal cord (myelocele).
Term
Anencephaly
Definition
Congenital absence of the calvaria and most of the brain, usually the forebrain and midbrain.
Term
Microencephaly
Definition
Abnormal smallness of the brain.
Term
Meninges (meninx)
Definition
any of the 3 membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord and include the arachnoid, dura mater, and pia mater
Term
Meningoenecephalocele
Definition
protrusion of meninges and brain through a defect in the skull
Term
Aplasia
Definition
1. Defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
2. In hematology, incomplete, retarded, or defective development, or cessation of the usual regenerative process.
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
1. An anteriorly concave curvature of the vertebral column; the normal kyphoses of the thoracic and sacral regions are retained portions of the primary curvature (kyphosis) of the vertebral column.
2. A forward (flexion) curvature of the spine; the thoracic spine normally has a mild kyphosis; excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine may indicate a pathologic condition.
Term
Lordosis
Definition
1. An anteriorly convex curvature of the vertebral column; the normal lordoses of the cervical and lumbar regions are secondary curvatures of the vertebral column, acquired postnatally.
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