The Cold War was caused by the Soviets.

The Soviet Union was an expansionist nation, primarily responsible for political and military contention, a real global communist threat to independent nations.

The US was also largely to blame for the Cold War.

The US's unreasonable hostility to communism caused the Russians to also not play nice. Revisionists saw the US as actively expanding and the SU as responding in response to that.

Thorized by G. Allison, a model to explain the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Says that foreign policy was rational and purposeful. The actors  were unified national governments

think-->"idealism preponderance", the ideal of preponderance

formed by Reus-Smit

Says that American values are universal, attractive to everyond and valid world wide

U.S. is the unipolar power and has te right to act unilaterally, we won't face resistance overseas.

literally think: blow-back

It is the unintended consequences of covert activities. Blockback occurs when the government hides activities from the public.

coined by V. de Grazia

The idea that America is a Market MEmpire due to the spread of U.S. consumer goods  culture. de Grazia says it is achieved by U.S. firms and mass market. 

This is in contrast to Johnson's view of America as an overall empire.

The idea that America has opposing/a variety of values

 He says that these oposing values eliect dif. reactions from individuals and groups around the world.

think: poly-multiple, valence-atoms hitting each other

Barber

Actors: subnational fractions vs. MNC's and intl. banks

Motivations: "parochial hatreds" vs. capitaism

Theoretical Perpsectives: consturctivism&domestic politics vs commercial liberalism

Predictions: differntiation vs. convergence

- Barber says that both undermine sovereignty

- That both don't need democracy

think: electicism-->scatteredness,everthing combined; analytic-->theories/perspectives

combining elements of realism, libealism, and constructivism to produce complex mid-range explanations

by T. Harrison

Says that the international trading/selling of organs is due to globalization & capitalism. This inhumane trade is a result of the unequal relationship b/t developing and developed states. (capitalism).

This is a Marxist idea.

The state has more power than MNC's in the intl economy, MNCs are instruments of the state.

States create a framework for MNC's and dictate their opportunities

MNC's are more powerful than states in the intl. economy.

MNC's weaken the sovereignty of states, esp. developing ones.

MNC's create a 3-level hierarchy

Level 1 : Top management, strategizing and planning - Global capitals

Level 2: Middle managers, coordinate level 3 - regional capitals

Level 3: Day-to-Day Operations, labor and production - rest of world

Similar to Wallerstein's core vs. semi-periphery vs. periphery

influences/constrains state behavior, but does NOT determine it

comparison between 19th centrury & 1945 onwards:

19th cent - intervention mainly to protect white Christians;

               often multilateral but not neeed for legitimacy;

                great powers

1945 - expanded to encompass a wide group of

          individuals multilateralism needed for legitimacy;

          great powers

Foreign policy was rational and purposeful.

actors: unified national government (think unified-->rational)

by G. Allison

Foreign policy = outputs of alrge organizations acting according to standard

by Weldes

national interets = clear, obvious, & natural

• they are power hungry
• insecure

by Kenan

1. innate antagonism b/t socialism and capitalism
2. Infallibility of Soviet leaders
3. Soviet leaders construct of "truth" instrumentaly
4. Iron discipline

by Kennan

• Be vigilant and paients
• Wait for Soveit Union to reform within
• Let there be space for Russian prestige / negotiate with them

1. Nominal Accidental Theory: Financial systems are so complex and interconnected that financial crisis are inevitable (rare though), they are built into the system.
2. Neo-Institutional Theory: The problematic and unquestional norms & ideologies in the intl. economy shapes agents --> agents are victims
3. Agentic Explanation: Aware agents are knowingly taking these risk

used by Gaddis

The study of systems in general with the goal of forming principles that can be applied to all principles

by Gaddis

The bipolar structure of the world system (Soviet & US) contributed to stability. A bipolar world is more stable b/c there are only two competing powers, more simple (& change is tolerable). Also each state is independent of the other economically (can take care of itself) and geographically so.

by Gaddis

• a hesitance to use nuclear weapons
• the increased availability of information on states capibilities due to improved technology --> less wortty about surprse activites
• moderation of ideologies, policies that are not dictated by ideology are stabilizing

(Jervis brings it up)

a group of states among whom war between them is unthinkable