Term
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Definition
| Study populations, single species, species interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Study structure and regulation pop. size |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological relationship between plants and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| study aggregations of plants (communities or vegetation types) |
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Term
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Definition
| species composition: taxonomic approach |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical description of plant cover of area |
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Term
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Definition
| mapping and description of communities or vegetation types |
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Term
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Definition
| study of organisms in relation to environment |
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Term
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Definition
| All factors that surround and influence organism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| physical forces/conditions (temp, moisture, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Kind of environment occupied |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate surroundings of individual |
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Term
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Definition
| single energy packet Particle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Photosynthetically Active Radiation |
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Definition
| PAR - 400-700 nanometer, drives photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elongation of internodes, reduced chlorophyll concentration |
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Term
| UV (ultraviolet radiation) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combination of seasonal light change with overstory canopy change |
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Term
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Definition
| beam of sunlight that strikes the forest floor |
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Term
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Definition
| Gathering data about facts already known |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Possible explanation, must be "testable" by experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Test of idea by observation or collection of data |
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Term
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Definition
| compare treated condition (manipulated) against "control" |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps other conditions the same |
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Term
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Definition
| "manipulative" experiment occurring due to natural processes |
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Term
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Definition
| study variation occurring under differing natural conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| broad, comprehensive explanation of a large body of information. Essentially equivalent to scientific fact. |
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Term
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Definition
| how close to "true value" samples are |
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Term
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Definition
| similarity of measurements to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| # individuals per unit area (reflects abundance of A) |
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Term
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Definition
| # of time species is found in samples divided by total number of samples taken (reflects pattern of species) |
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Term
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Definition
| Percent of area occupied by a species in the sampled area (reflects biomass of A) |
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Term
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Definition
| Note how canopy edges "filled in" by observer |
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Term
| Moosehorn crown closure estimator |
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Definition
| way to get cover (biomass) data |
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Term
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Definition
| area tree trunk per unit area |
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Term
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Definition
| Diameter at breast height (4.5 ft) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rel. Density + Rel. Frequency + Rel. Cover |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 dimensional sample unit used |
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Term
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Definition
| divide line into units, determine frequency of species in units |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substance from which the soil derived |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| distribution of particles by size class |
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Term
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Definition
| mix of sand, silt, and clay |
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Term
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Definition
| particles of soil form these structures, visible when soil is dry |
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Term
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Definition
| partially decomposed organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
amount of negative charge per unit of soil
Represents "potential fertility" |
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Term
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Definition
| % of exchange sites occupied by "good" cations (Ca++, Mg++, K+) and Na+ |
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Term
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Definition
| blade kept perpendicular to sun |
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Term
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Definition
| CO2 uptake/release by plant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| light intensity where net Ps is zero |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure CO2 in air before/after flows over leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of mesophyll, long cells |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of mesophyll, short cells |
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Term
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Definition
| small cells, usually have chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| convert light energy to chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| dark reactions: convert CO2 to sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| high energy electron carrier |
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Term
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Definition
| splitting water to make oxygen gas |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme - adds 1 C to make two 3-C pieces (PGA) |
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Term
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Definition
| begins in chloroplasts. Makes PGA (3C) and glycolate (2C). Net result = loss of C. |
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Term
| What increases photorespiration? |
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Definition
| Light intensity, leaf temperature, ratio O2:CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
"wreath"
bundle sheath cells in veins BIG: BSC chloroplasts large. Mesophyll cells have chloroplasts, fix CO2. |
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Term
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Definition
enzyme used in C4 leaves (kranz anatomy)
3C compound (PEP)+CO2 = 4C |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| family of succulent plants, leaves are acidic at night. |
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Term
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Definition
| capture respiration CO2 at night, use in the daytime |
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Term
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Definition
| plants that grow on other plants |
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Term
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Definition
| g CO2 gained per Kg water lost |
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Term
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Definition
| All potential sample units have equal chance of inclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt to eliminate conscious bias |
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Term
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Definition
| using numeric pattern (ex. every 5th tree along a transect) |
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Term
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Definition
| Choosing with criteria (ex. all trees over >30cm dbh) |
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Term
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Definition
| subdivide area and sample randomly in each division |
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Term
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Definition
| place transect points systematically |
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Term
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Definition
| select start point randomly, place transect points systematically (or vice versa) |
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Term
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Definition
| washing material from upper to lower layers |
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Term
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Definition
| Material washed out of layer, leaching strong |
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Term
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Definition
| deposition of material from above |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical changes produce secondary soil minerals/clays |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of cemented soil grains |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| layer of organic matter from E horizon |
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Term
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Definition
| typical for climate and organisms, "soil climax" equilibrium with climate/organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| deviate due to relief, parent materials, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| too young (not enough time to mature) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| under desert shrubs surface soil is fertile |
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Term
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Definition
| rainwater flowing down stem of plant concentrates nutrients in dust into soil below shrub |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water through soil (causes leaching) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water over soil (causes leaching) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| >.1% of plant CHOPKNSCaMg (Chopkin's car is an mg) |
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Term
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Definition
| <.002% of plant dry weight FeMoBCuMnZnClNi (A festive mob cumzin clapping nicely) |
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Term
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Definition
| recycled from old to new leaves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thicker, smaller, deeply lobed, stomatal density greater |
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Term
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Definition
| thinner, larger, shallow lobes, stomatal density lesser |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| light level net Ps = 0 ("break even point") |
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Term
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Definition
| different "versions" of elements |
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Term
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Definition
| Delta C-13: -24 to -34 ppt |
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Term
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Definition
| Delta C-13: -10 to -20 ppt |
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Term
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Definition
| free energy water. Tendency of water to move from one place to another |
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Term
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Definition
| high solutes = low tendency of water to move |
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Term
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Definition
| high pressure = high tendency of water to move |
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Term
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Definition
| more charged surfaces = decreased tendency of water to move |
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Term
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Definition
| height of water increases = tendency to move increases |
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Term
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Definition
| metric system pressure unit. 1 MPa = about 10 bars or 10 atmospheres |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| evaporation of water from leaves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| allow gravity to drain water |
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Term
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Definition
| soil fully charged with water |
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Term
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Definition
| plant psi=soil psi, no water flows into plant |
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Term
| PWP (Permanent wilting point) is? |
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Definition
| -1.5 MPa (for mesophytes "normal" plants) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| water held too tightly in the soil (greatest in clay soil, least in sandy soil) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of water to penetrate soil |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water by plant roots from deep to shallow soil at night |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water from deep to surface soil. May occur in deserts. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ability of water to move through soil to root |
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Term
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Definition
| along cell walls (most water goes this way: 90%). Not selective. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell membrane connections |
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Term
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Definition
| wax in endodermis to stop apoplastic pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| water sticks to other water molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Water sticks to charged surfaces (cell walls) |
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Term
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Definition
| water leaves leaf through epidermis (<10%) |
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Term
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Definition
| water leaves leaf through stomates (90% water loss) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slow-flowing air layer near surface. slows water loss. Increases as leaf size increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| hairs (increase boundary layer) |
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Term
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Definition
| modified leaves (increase boundary layer) |
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Term
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Definition
| stomates sunken into pits in leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| distance from xylem to stomate |
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Term
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Definition
| response to dew, waxy leaves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure against cell wall, keeps cell rigid |
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Term
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Definition
| plant adapted to survive in low water environment |
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Term
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Definition
| add solutes when stressed |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure potential near zero: keeps leaf shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| store water in stems/leaves. Small surface:volume ratio loses less water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| riparian zones, roots contact ground water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| salt tolerant, found in high salt environments (beach/salt marsh, desert salt flats). High salts in roots aids water uptake. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| wet soils (lack O2, toxic gases, other toxins) |
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Term
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Definition
| large air spaces in tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measures humidity in chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| measures plant water potential |
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Term
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Definition
| control temperature by metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| control temperature by behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| little temperature regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| High metabolic rate makes heat |
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Term
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Definition
| stalk w/small unisexual flowers (often found on thermogenic plants) |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds spadix (often found on thermogenic plants) |
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Term
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Definition
| >750 nm: infrared + longer |
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Term
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Definition
| <750 nm, visible light and UV |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| calories required to change temperature by 1 C |
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Term
| Latent heat of evaporation |
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Definition
| energy lost by evaporation of water |
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Term
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Definition
| blade parallel to the sun, minimize energy input |
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Term
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Definition
| swollen area with motor cells |
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Term
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Definition
| shade a portion of the leaf by curling when stressed |
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Term
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Definition
| reversible increase albedo |
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Term
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Definition
| high ground/plant part contact |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Control opening and closing of stomata |
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Term
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Definition
| large organism, small surface, more volume. Gives thermal inertia. |
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Term
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Definition
| long time for body to warm or cool |
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Term
| Freezing point depression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relationship between two species in close association |
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Term
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Definition
| symbiosis where both benefit |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fungus and plant root. common |
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Term
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Definition
| fungus penetrates between root cells |
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Term
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Definition
| fungus penetrates into root cells |
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Term
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Definition
| structure on root cells for mycorrhiza |
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Term
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Definition
| plant parasitizes on fungus |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria use N2 to form NH3 (ammonia) or NO3- (nitrate) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| legumes, form root nodules. |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of soil classification |
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Term
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Definition
| largest unit of soil classification (ends in -sol) |
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Term
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Definition
| peds of vertisols have smooth, shiny surfaces. Cause engineering problems |
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Definition
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