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| Study of change in structure and function of tissue/organs in disease state |
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| Branch of the medicine in which the physicians study the body tissue/fluids from patients for treatment purposes or diagnosis |
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| Body sample to pathologist |
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| Genetic, Developmental, or Infectious |
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| Organ; Cardiac, Pulmonary |
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| Age, Race, Sexual Behaviors |
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| Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Worms |
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| Drugs, poisons, alcohol, tobacco. Solid Liquid or Gas |
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| Nutritional Imbalances Etiology |
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| Alteration of DNA sequence |
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| Disease developed as a result of medical intervention |
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| Biologic, Physical Forces, Radiation, Chemical Agent, Nutritional Imbalances, Genetic, Iatrogenic, Idiopathic |
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| Example of same disease different etiology |
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| Burn (sun, water, chemical) |
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| Example of different disease same etiology |
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| Bacterial infection - meningitis vs pneumonia (Haemophillus influenzae G-) |
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| Conditions and behaviors that can contribute to the development of a disease (can overlap with etiology) |
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| Smoking, family history, genetic makeup, age, diet, exercise, gender |
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| HOW the disease develops in the body after initial interaction with the etiologic agents/events and risk factors |
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| Changes of characteristic anatomy of cells and tissues (cancer) |
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| Mechanisms of the underlying disease process. New homeostasis obtained, even if usually NOT favorable to body. |
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| Example of asymptomatic diseases at early stages |
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| Laboratory abnormalities example |
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| Draw blood, electrolyte imbalance; urine discolored |
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| Structural abnormalities example |
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| Skin cancer, mole progressed |
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| Fluid from deep within lungs |
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| Quick, suddenly (stroke, CA) |
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| Occurs gradually over time (HBP) |
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| Disease Course categories |
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| Short term, often abrupt. (Infections (not HIV), trauma) |
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| Continuous, long term disease process (Diabetes, HT) |
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| Exacerbation, Remission, Wax+Wane, Progression, Self-terminating |
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| Aggrevation of symptoms and severity of disease under control |
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| Reduction in symptom and severity |
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| Disease course varies between remission and exacerbation over time |
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| Disease worsens over time |
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| Disease stops on its own with no permanent effects |
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| Cure, Death, Progression-free disease state |
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| Progression-free disease state |
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| Disease state uncurable, but no progression. Alteration of previous phsiologic function; change or loss of previously normal cells/tissues. Physical limitations (no return to pre-disease state) |
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| The likely outcome of an illness and/or prediction based on medical literature |
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| The study of disease occurrence and factors contributing to it |
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| The measure of new cases arising of a disease in a population at risk during a specified time |
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| The measure of existing cases of a disease in a population at a given point in time |
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| Functional impairment/disability with a disease |
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| Death attributed to a disease |
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| Orphan Disease/Rare Disease |
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| No formal definition. Acceptable: A disease with prevalence of less than 1 in 1500 people" |
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| Younger population diseases tend to be acute: |
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| Majority respiratory infections. Others as a sum is second. Trauma/injury (15%) is more than other infections (10%) |
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| Chronic diseases (older populations) examples |
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| Diabetes mellitus, HT, atherosclerosis, arthritis, dental disease, neoplastic disease (cancer) |
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| Between puberty and completion of physical growth. 11-18 |
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| Distinct features in populations |
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| Pregnancy, mental/developmental challenges, physical challenges, C&S, special living arrangements, special behaviors (substance, sexual) |
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| Terminate disease, prevent death, delay or stop disease progression, improve sign/symptoms, IMPROVE OR MAINTAIN QUALITY OF LIFE |
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| Modalities (how to reach goal of treatment) |
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| Lifestyle modification; drug, nutritional, physical therapy; surgery; radiation; organ or artificial replacement |
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| Designation as to the cause or nature of a health problem |
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| Drug dispensing, drug & therapy counseling, preventative care, community screenings, healthy lifestyle promotion, disease evaluation recommendations, drug therapy recommendations, self care recommendations, drug therapy evaluation, drug therapy monitoring |
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