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Terminology
Test 4: Ch.16
136
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/23/2009

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Term
endo-
Definition
within; inner
Term
peri-
Definition
around; surrounding
Term
pre-
Definition
before
Term
cervic
Definition
neck, cervix
Term
colp
Definition
vagina
Term
culd
Definition
cul-de-sac
Term
episi
Definition
vulva
Term
gynec, gyn
Definition
woman
Term
hydr
Definition
water
Term
hyster
Definition
uterus
Term
mamm, mast
Definition
breast
Term
men
Definition
month, menstration, menses
Term
metr
Definition
uterus
Term
-atresia
Definition
closure; absence of a normal body opening
Term
-ial
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-salpinx
Definition
rumpet, fallopian tube
Term
cervix
Definition
the lower, narrow part of the uterus
Term
cervical canal
Definition
the interior of the cervix
Term
mammary glands
Definition
organs that secrete milk, they are composed of secretory alveolar glands embedded within the female breasts, whichinclude an areola and a nipple in the center of each
Term
menarche
Definition
the first menses
Term
menopause
Definition
the permanent cessation of menses
Term
menses
Definition
the hemorrhage of the outer endometrial layers that occurs about every 28 days, also called menstration
Term
endometrium
Definition
the inner, vascular layer of the uterus, which is the site of embryo implantation and menses
Term
myometrium
Definition
the miscular wall of the uterus
Term
perimetrium
Definition
the outermost layer of the uterus, which is composed of connective tissue
Term
ova
Definition
oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the ovaries; the singular form is ovum
Term
ovary
Definition
paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens, prgesterone, and ova
Term
ovulation
Definition
release of an ovum, which occurs every 28 days, on avergae, from one of the two ovaries
Term
perinium
Definition
area between the vulva and the anus
Term
uterus
Definition
a hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of embryo implantation, support of the fetus, and menses
Term
vagina
Definition
the tube shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva, also known as the birth canal, which opens to the uterus at the external os and to the exterior at the veginal orifice.
Term
alveolar glands
Definition
milk-secreting glands within the mammary glands
Term
Bartholin's glands
Definition
mucus-secreting glands located outside the vaginal orifice
Term
clitoris
Definition
a small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule where the labia minora meet, it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue, similar to the male penis
Term
estrogens
Definition
hormones secreted by ovarian tissue that produces female sexual characteristics and prepares that uterus for implantation of the embryo
Term
fallopian tubes
Definition
the paired, narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus, they are also known as the uterine tubes.
Term
fornix
Definition
the shallow pocket at the internal end of the vagina that surrounds the external os of the cervix
Term
follicles
Definition
sac-like, hollow balls of supportive cells within the cortex of each ovary, each of which enclose an ovum
Term
Graafin follicle
Definition
a mature follicle that participates in ovulation
Term
hymen
Definition
a thin membrane that partially or completely covers the vaginal orifice prior to penetration into the vagina
Term
infundibulum
Definition
the expanded, funnel-shaped end of the fallopian tube that opens to the peritoneal cavity
Term
labia minora
Definition
the internal, hairless ridge of the vulva
Term
labia majora
Definition
the external ridge of the vulva
Term
mons pubis
Definition
the anterior -most, elevated part of the vulva in which the prominence is caused by the pad of fat over the symphysis pubis
Term
rectouterine pouch
Definition
a narrow space between the uterus and rectum, also known as Douglas' cul-de-sac
Term
vestibule
Definition
the part of the vulva located within the border formed by the labia minora
Term
vulva
Definition
the external female genitalia
Term
amenorrhea
Definition
absense of menstral discharge. (menostasis)
Term
dysmenorrhea
Definition
pain during menstration
Term
hematosalpinx
Definition
blood in a fallopian tube
Term
hydrosalpinx
Definition
water accumulation in a fallopian tube
Term
leukorrhea
Definition
white or yellow discharge from the uterus
Term
menometrorrhea
Definition
irregular or excessivebleeding other than during menstration
Term
menorrhagia
Definition
axcessive bleeding during menstration
Term
metrorrhagia
Definition
discharge of mucus or pus from the uterus
Term
mertrorrhea
Definition
obnormally reduced discharge during menstration
Term
pyosalpinx
Definition
pus within a fallopian tube
Term
adenomyosis
Definition
an abnormal condition of the galndular tissue growth within a muscle; in a female, it refers to growth of the endo metrium into the muscular layer of the uterus
Term
amastia
Definition
absence of a breast
Term
Bartholin's adenitis
Definition
inflammation of the Bartholin's gland; (bartholinitis)
Term
breast cancer
Definition
a malignant tumor arising from breast tissue; most common form is infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC)
Term
carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix
Definition
precancerous form of cervical cancer
Term
cervical cancer
Definition
a malignant tumor arising from the cervix; the most common form is squamous cell carcinoma
Term
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Definition
abnormal development of skin cells within the cervix resulting in tumor formation, which has potential to become cancerous. (CIN)
Term
cervicitis
Definition
inflammation of the cervix
Term
dermoid cyst
Definition
benign tuor arising from ovarian tissue composed of abnormal embryonic tissue.
Term
dyspareunia
Definition
difficult of painful sexual intercourse
Term
endocervicitits
Definition
inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix
Term
endometrial cancer
Definition
a malignant tumor arising from the endometrial tissue of the uterus, it is one form of uterine cancer.
Term
endometriosis
Definition
an abnormal condition of the endometrium in which the endometrial tissue gorws in various locations in the pelvic cavity, including on the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries
Term
endometritis
Definition
inflammation of the endometrium
Term
fibrocystic breast disease
Definition
formation of one or more benign cysts in the breast
Term
fibroid tumor
Definition
benign tumor containing fibrous tissue that arises from the myometrium of the uterus. (fibroids)
Term
fistula
Definition
an abnormal passage from one hollow organ to another; a rectovaginal fistula occurs between the vagina and rectum, and a vesicovaginal fistula occurs between vagina and bladder.
Term
gynopathic
Definition
pertaining to a disease of women
Term
hysteratresia
Definition
closure of the uterus, resulting in an abnormal obstruction in the uterine canal.
Term
mastitis
Definition
inflammation of the breast
Term
mastoptosis
Definition
condition of a sagging breast
Term
myometritis
Definition
inflammation of the myometrium in the uterus
Term
oophoritis
Definition
inflamation of an ovary
Term
ovarian cancer
Definition
a malignant tumor arising from an ovary
Term
parovarian cyst
Definition
a cyst of a fallopian tube
Term
pelvc inflammatory disease
Definition
inflammation of the female organs within the pelvic cavity, generally including the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes, (PID)
Term
perimetritis
Definition
inflammation of the perimetrium
Term
polymastia
Definition
prescence of more than two breasts
Term
premenstrual syndrome
Definition
a collection of symptoms, inculding tension, irritability, painful breasts, edema, and headache, which usually strikes during the ten days preceding menstration. (pms)
Term
prolapsed uterus
Definition
displacement of the uterus resulting in a downward location, often crowding into the vagina (hysteroptosis)
Term
salpingitis
Definition
inflammation of the fallopian tube
Term
toxic shock syndrome
Definition
an infectious disease characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms including high fever, skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and leading to shock which usually causes death
Term
vaginitis
Definition
inflammation of the vagina, which is also known as colpitis. Usually characterized by redness and swelling, and loss of moisture due to depletion of estrogens
Term
vulvovaginitis
Definition
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
Term
anterior and posterior colporrhaphy
Definition
surgical repair of a protrusion of the bladder against the anterior vaginal wall and protrusion of the rectum against the posterior vaginal wall
Term
biopsy
Definition
removal of a tissue sample for microscopic evaluation.
Term
cancer antigen-125 tumor marker
Definition
blood test that is used to provide evidence for ovarian cancer, which measures levels of a protien produced by cancer cells. (CA-125)
Term
cervical conization
Definition
removal of the cone-shaped portion of the cervix
Term
cervicectomy
Definition
excision of the cervix (aka trachelectomy)
Term
colpoperineorrhaphy
Definition
suture of the vagina and perineum to correct tears
Term
colpoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the vagina
Term
colporrhaphy
Definition
suture if the vagina
Term
colposcopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the vagina (and cervix) using a modified endoscope called a colposcope
Term
culdocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture into the pelvic cavity to remove fluid from the rectourterine pouch. (Douglas' cul-de-sac)
Term
culdoscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the space between the rectum and uterus, (douglas' cul-de-sac) using a modified endoscope called a culdoscope
Term
dilation and curettage
Definition
dilation of th cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding, obtain tissue, and remove polyps
Term
endometrial ablation
Definition
the use of lasers, electricity or heat to destroy the endometrium, followed by it's removal; used to treat abnormal bleeding
Term
episioperineoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the vulva and perineum.
Term
episiorrhaphy
Definition
suture of the vulva to correct a tear.
Term
episiotomy
Definition
incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing during child birth
Term
gynecology
Definition
the study of diseases of women
Term
gynecologist
Definition
a physician who specializes in women's diseases
Term
hormone replacement therapy
Definition
clinical treatment that includes the replacement of naturally produced hormones with synthetic hormones as a treatment for menopause
Term
hymenectomy
Definition
excision of the hymen
Term
hymenotomy
Definition
incision into the hymen
Term
hysterectomy
Definition
excision of the uterus, which may include surrounding structures. also called uterectomy
Term
hysteropexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the uterus
Term
hysterosalpingography
Definition
x-ray procedure that thakes pictures of uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.
Term
hysterosalpingooophorectomy
Definition
excision of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries; when the excision occurs though the abdomen and it bilateral, it is abbreviated TAH/BSO
Term
hysteroscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the uterine cavity using a modified endoscope called a hysteroscope.
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
andoscopic examination of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope
Term
mammography
Definition
x-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast.
Term
mammoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the breasts, resulting in enlargement or reduction of breast size or removal of a tumor.
Term
mastectomy
Definition
excision of a breast (radical, modified radical, and lumpectomy)
Term
mastopexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the breast, which is usually performed to elevate pendulous breast tissue
Term
myomectomy
Definition
excision of a myoma, or fibrous tumor, from the uterus
Term
oophorectomy
Definition
excision of an ovary
Term
panhysterectomy
Definition
excision of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, which are removed through an abdominal incision.
Term
Papanicolau smear
Definition
a diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are remoed and examined microscopically for abnormalities; mainly used to screen for cervical cancer
Term
perineorrhaphy
Definition
suture of the perineum to correct a tear
Term
salpingectomy
Definition
excision of a fallopian tube
Term
salpingo-oophorectomy
Definition
excision of an ovary and fallopian tube, usually from the same side.
Term
salpingostomy
Definition
surgical creation of an opening through the wall of a fallopian tube, often to treat ectopic tubal pregnancy
Term
sonohysterography
Definition
ultrasound procedure that records an image of the uterus with the use of sound waves, and used to evaluate the postoperative status of polyps, myomas, and adhesions of the uterus
Term
trachelorrhaphy
Definition
suture of the wall of the cervix
Term
transvaginal sonography
Definition
ultrasound procedure in which a probe is inserted into the vagina to record images of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures, performed to diagnose ovarian tumors and cysts, monitor pregnanacy, and to monitor ovulation for treating infertility.
Term
tubal ligation
Definition
sterilization procedure by ligating (cutting and tying) the fallopian tubes
Term
vaginal speculum
Definition
instrument for opening the vaginal orifice to permit visual examination of the vagina and beyond
Term
vulvectomy
Definition
excision of the vulva
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