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| up until death of Marcus Aurelius (180 A.D.) various subdivisions: Ciceronian/Early (up until Augustus), "Golden Age" (Augustan), "Silver Age" (post-Augustan) |
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| up until fall of Roman Empire (476 A.D.) |
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| in Middle Ages; lots of regional and chronological variations; no one's native language anymore |
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| from Renaissance on; generally modeled on Classical Latin (esp. Ciceronian); standard vehicle for science, literature, mathematics, etc. until pretty recently |
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| spoken language; different from written language; ultimately developed into Romance languages |
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| arose from regional varieties of Vulgar Latin (examples: French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) |
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| loss of an unstressed vowel or syllable (i.e. pres'dent for president) |
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| merging of different cases into one; Latin nouns had seven cases originally; modern Romance Languages have only one; probably due to loss of unstressed final syllables |
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| 7th or 8th century; list of spelling (etc.) mistakes and their corrections tacked onto a manuscript of a grammar by Probus; mistakes illustrates changes in language that survive onto Romance |
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| a definition or explanation of a (hard) word in a manuscript, in the first instance simply written next to the word or in the man |
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| 8th century; written in margins of a Latin Bible; show developments going into French |
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| administrative language brought into Britain when Normans (William the Conqueror) took over after 1066; caused French words to start trickling into English |
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| 1707-1778; Swedish botanist and doctor; standardized binomial nomenclature |
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| scientific names of organisms consist typically of 2 parts (genus and species); typically Latin |
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