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First global empire
1415 (Cueta, North Africa) - 1999 (Loss of Macau)
West Africa (1419; Indian Spice trade)
Cape of Good Hope (1498, Bartolomeu Dias)
India (1498; Vasco da Gama)
Brazil (1498; Pedro Alvares Cabral)
Portugal + Spain v. Netherlands, Britain, France
Lost India (1600's; to Dutch)
Lost Brazil (1822, most valuable)
Gave up African colonies (1974, end of Salazar regime)
Gave up Macau (1999, to China) |
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Every continent
1492 (first voyage to Americas) - 1975 (abandonment of Western Sahara)
Reconquista, end of muslim spain, chris columbus sails (1492)
Caribbean, North + South America, Aztec + Inca (16th century,)
Guam + Philippines (1565)
Loss of Europe (1713, War of Spanish Succession)
Canada + Alaska (late 1700's)
Hispanic American independence (1810-1825, French occupation)
Loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines (late 1800's, Spanish American War)
Sale of Pacific islands (1899, Germany)
Loss of Spanish Guinea, Spanish Sahara, Spanish Morocco (African decolonization) |
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1700-1800's
Controlled 1/5 world pop., 458 m., 1/4 world area (1922)
Envy of Portuguese and Spanish
Dominant power North America India (17 + 18th century wars w/ Netherlands + France)
Large territory, not industrial/military power (post WWI)
South-East Asia Japanese occupation (WWII)
Indian Independence (1947, MVP)
Loss of most colonies (post WWII)
US, Canada, Australia, NZ, South Africa (settler domination)
Commonwealth of nations (post-independent, ruled by Queen Elizabeth) |
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1600-late 1900's
Shipping + trade (nationalism following ind. from Hapsburg Spain)
Dutch East + West India Companies (state capitalist corps)
Willem Barents, Henry Hudson, Abel Tasman (major explorers)
Global commerce domination (1650-1800's)
Loss of colonies to British (Napoleonic invasion)
Loss of Dutch East Indies + Suriname (Post WWII, European Imperialism decline)
Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten (Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
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1600's-1960's
Second largest empire, 1/10 land area
Lost North America, Caribbean, India (18+19th century wars with Britain)
Loss of Quebec (1763, to England)
Louisiana territory (1803, sale to US)
Africa + Southeast Asia (19th cent., Africa moral crusade,
Wars w/ Vietnam + Algeria (for independence)
Most colonies' independence (1960's)
Martinique, Guadeloupe, Mayotte, French Guiana, St. Pierre, Miquelon (overseas departments) |
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1885-1962
Belgian Congo (now Dem. Rep., 98% of empire, initially private possession of King Leopold II)
Rwanda, Burundi |
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Berlin conference (1884-85, carved up Africa)
African + Pacific occupation (WWI)
Treaty of Versailles (1920)
Colonial language in WWII
Concentration camps (British-->Boers + Africans, South Africa, 1900; Germans-->Heroro, Namibia, 1904) |
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Mongol, Tatar, Eurasian steppe empires (1240-1480)
Southeast territories (late 1400's-1500's, Ivan III+IV)
Colonization of Tsardom (1613, Romanov Czars)
East of Ural mountains, Siberia
Caucasus, south (resistant)
Central Asia (19th cent., cotton)
Black + Baltic seas to Pacific; Arctic ocean to Himalayas (1900)
Became Soviet Union (1917-1922, "rejected" imperialism)
Annexed Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia (1940, USSR)
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany, Yugoslavia (Post WWII, Iron Curtain)
End of colonialism (1991, USSR dissolution
Neo colonial domination of former USSR |
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1299-1922
Turkic, Soman Bey, NW Anatolia (1299)
Constantinople/Instanbul (1453, Mehmed II)
Peak, SW Asia, SE Europe, N+NE Africa (1683)
Vienna + Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth N, Yemen + Eritrea S, Algeria W, Azerbaijan E (16+17th cent., susleiman the Magnificant)
Constantinople (middle of East + West, cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism, institutional flexibility; despotism, stasis, decline)
Lost to Westphalian ethno-nationalism
Greek/Turk pop. exchange (Post WWI, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk)
Ottoman Caliphate abolished into Repub. of Turkey (1924)
Now 42 modern U.N. states |
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Self-Isolation (pre 1854)
Attack of Korea + China (1895)
Russo_japanese war (1904-1905, first defeat of euro power by non-euro state)
Annexation of Korea (1910)
Chinese Manchuria conquer (1931)
Indonesia + Malaysia, SE Asia, Burma + Vietnam, Philippines (WWII, Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere, liberation from Europe)
End of colonies (1945, end of WWII) |
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