1907- 1st State regulatories were established in NY and Wisconsin

1910- the Mann-Elkins act extended the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission over the telecommunications industry and designated telephone, telegraph, and wireless companies as common carriers.

1913- the Kingsbury Commitment established AT&T as a government-sanctioned monoply, with an out of court settlemtn of the government's antitrust challenge. In return for the government's agreement not to pursue its case against AT&T as a monopolist, AT&T agreed to divest its interest it had acquired in the Western Union telegraph company, and to allow non-competing independent telephone companies to interconnect with the AT&T long distance network.

1913- The kingsbury Commitment of 1913 established that AT&T was a government sanctioned monopoly, in an out of court settlement of the governments antitrust challenge. In return for the government's agreement to not pursue its case against AT&T as a monopolist, AT&T agreed to divest the controlling interest it had acquired in the Western Union telegraph company, and to allow non-competing independent telephone companies to interconnect with the AT&T long distance Network.

Federal telecommunications act of 1934 replaced the Fedearl Radio Commission with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It also transferred regulation of interstate telephone services from the Interstate commerce commission to the FCC.

The Radio act of 1927 transferred most of the responsbility for radio to a newly created Fedearl Radio Commission.

The Telecommunications act of 1996 was the first time that the internet was included in broadcasting and spectruym allotment.

Direct: Direct pointing to objects, direct relationship between hand and cursor movement, because the hand is moving on the same surface that the cursor is moving, manipulating objects on the screen is similar to manipulating them in the manual world.

Fast: but less precise without a pen

Finger: is usable, any pen is usable.

Suited to Novices, application for information retrieval, high-usage environments.

Low Precision (finger): imprecise positioning, possible problems with eye parallaxis with pen too. the finger may be too large for accurate pointing with small objects, a pen is more accurate.

Hand Movements if used with keyboard: requires that users move the hand away from the keyboard, a stylus requires also hand movements to take up the pen.

Fatigue: straining the arm muscles under heavy use

Sitting Standing position: the user has to sit/stand close to the screen.

Dirt: the screen gets dirty from finger prints

Screen Coverage: the user's hand the finger or the pen may obscure parts of the screen.

Activation: usually direct activation of the selected function, when teh screen is touched, there is no special activation button as with a light pen or a mouse.

The First regulatories were created in NY and Wisconsin

Federal Telecommunications Act

The Federal Telecommunications Act of 1934 replaced the Federal Radio Commission with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and also transfered regulation of interstate telephone services from the Interstate Commerce Commission to the FCC.

Telecommunications Act

the first time the internet was included in broadcasting or spectrum allotment